{"id":73450,"date":"2026-02-10T21:26:03","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T02:26:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apnaorg.com\/wp\/articles\/the-indian-revolutionary-who-fought-to-overthrow-british-rule-while-living-in-japan\/"},"modified":"2026-04-04T19:53:39","modified_gmt":"2026-04-04T23:53:39","slug":"the-indian-revolutionary-who-fought-to-overthrow-british-rule-while-living-in-japan","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/apnaorg.com\/wp\/articles\/the-indian-revolutionary-who-fought-to-overthrow-british-rule-while-living-in-japan\/","title":{"rendered":"The Indian revolutionary who fought to overthrow British rule while living in Japan"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t<\/p>\n


\n\t\t\"Description:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

By Emiko Jozuka, <\/strong><\/p>\n

CNN May 10, 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\t <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tokyo (CNN)On December 23, 1912, an explosion rocked Delhi just as Lord Hardinge, the British viceroy of India, entered the new capital on the back of an elephant.
\nThe bomb was meant to kill him, but instead it peppered Hardinge’s back with shrapnel, killed his attendant and cast a shadow over a day that was meant to mark the transition of India’s capital to Delhi from Kolkata.
\nThe mastermind of the attack was Rash Behari Bose, a 26-year-old Bengali revolutionary who initially posed as a British loyalist while secretly working to overthrow colonial rule.
\nThe attack failed, but it gave Bose the opportunity to show the hundreds of people in attendance — and the world — that some Indians were prepared to expel the British by force. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tThe British government made India part of its empire in 1858 after
\n\t\tsuppressing a bloody and <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\tnationwide uprising<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tknown as the Indian Rebellion or Indian Mutiny — a protest against the
\n\t\trule of the British East India Company, which operated on behalf of the
\n\t\tCrown.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t<\/p>\n

<\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tAn assassination attempt on Lord Charles Hardinge (1858-1944) Viceroy of
\n\t\tIndia.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tAfter the failed assassination attempt, Bose’s five comrades were
\n\t\tcaptured and took the stand in the Delhi Conspiracy trial, with one
\n\t\timprisoned for life and four others executed. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tWith a bounty on his head, Bose managed to flee India in 1915 to Japan,
\n\t\twhere he became a significant activist, reportedly introduced one of the
\n\t\tcountry’s most popular curries and laid the foundations for the Indian
\n\t\tNational Army. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tToday, the names of prominent Indian freedom fighters such as Mohandas
\n\t\t<\/b>Gandhi and Jawaharlal <\/b>Nehru have found their place in world
\n\t\thistory, but few have heard of Rash Behari Bose. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tYet in Japan his story has become something of a legend.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tFoundings of rebellion<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBose was born in a village in northeastern Bengal in 1886 and grew up
\n\t\tamid the <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\tsevere famines<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tthat struck India during British rule. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tThe country’s colonial leaders had started to commercialize farming,
\n\t\tcollecting land revenue and encouraging the export of <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t"cash crops"<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tthat contributed to severe food shortages when other harvests failed.
\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tAt the time, the average life expectancy for ordinary Indians was about
\n\t\t<\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t25 years<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tcompared to <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t44<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tin the United Kingdom.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tThe disparities nurtured a nationalist movement which led to the
\n\t\tformation of the Indian National Congress, a party for Indians <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\tinterested in reform<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tand greater political autonomy. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBose also wanted a greater say in his own future and was prepared to
\n\t\ttake up arms to get it, according to Elizabeth Eston and Lexi Kawabe,
\n\t\tthe authors of "Rash Behari Bose: The father of the Indian National
\n\t\tArmy." <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\t<\/p>\n

\t\t\"Description:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tRash Behari Bose wrote became a Japanese citizen in 1923.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tAfter leaving school, he made unsuccessful attempts to join the Indian
\n\t\tArmy before landing a clerk’s job with the Forest Research Institute at
\n\t\tDehradun, in the northern state of Uttarakhand. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBose had wanted a role that would allow him to give the impression of
\n\t\tbeing a loyal British subject while he worked on dismantling British
\n\t\trule from the inside, according to Eston and Kawabe.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tWith the Forest Research Institute he was able to travel around India
\n\t\tand used the opportunity to secretly forge anti-colonial revolutionary
\n\t\tnetworks, they wrote. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tFor several years, India’s colonial rulers didn’t suspect a thing.
\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBengali fury<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBose was still in his teens in 1905 when the British partitioned Bengal
\n\t\tinto two new provinces, supposedly for administrative reasons, though it
\n\t\tappeared to be split along religious lines.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tLike other Bengali Hindu nationalists, Bose was incensed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBengal had been a key location for India’s anti-British opposition and
\n\t\tBengali Hindus saw the partition as a way for the British to weaken
\n\t\ttheir power base. The move was largely supported by Muslims.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tNationalist protests erupted across Bengal. The non-violent camp sought
\n\t\tto undermine British rule through economic boycotts, while a more
\n\t\truthless cohort attempted to assassinate British officials, according to
\n\t\tJoseph McQuade, author of "The New Asia of Rash Behari Bose: India,
\n\t\tJapan, and the Limits of the International, 1912-1945."<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBose fell into the latter camp. His attempted assassination of Hardinge
\n\t\ttriggered a massive manhunt, but his previous efforts to ingratiate
\n\t\thimself with the British elite served him well, according to Eston and
\n\t\tKawabe.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tHe managed to stay under the radar until his links to the independence
\n\t\tmovement were revealed in 1913 by a police raid on a comrade, they
\n\t\twrote. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tInvestigators seized a briefcase he’d left at the property — his cover
\n\t\twas blown.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tThe Lahore plot<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBose was on the run when he organized one of his most audacious plans.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tAfter the assassination attempt against Lord Hardinge, Bose became well
\n\t\tknown among revolutionary circles in India. With the British distracted
\n\t\tby World War I, he planned to spark a mutiny similar to the uprising of
\n\t\t1857 — when Indian soldiers serving under British rulers had rebelled,
\n\t\tMcQuade wrote.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tIndian revolutionaries from America, Canada and Germany made their way
\n\t\tto India in 1914 and contacted several army units across India and even
\n\t\tin Singapore, with each agreeing to defect once called upon. The date
\n\t\tfor the start of the rebellion was set for February 21, 1915, in Lahore.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBut as spies infiltrated the movement, the British started disarming
\n\t\tIndian soldiers, wrote Eston and Kawabe. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tUndeterred, Bose moved the start of the rebellion to February 19 — but
\n\t\tthe simultaneous plot was suppressed by counter-intelligence operations
\n\t\tthat saw many revolutionaries executed, imprisoned and exiled.
\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tWith the authorities on his heels and a bounty on his head, Bose decided
\n\t\the was no longer safe in India.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tDisguising himself as a relative of the poet and Nobel laureate
\n\t\tRabindranath Tagore, Bose set sail for Japan from the Port of Kolkata on
\n\t\tMay 12, 1915.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tHe never went back.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tLooking to Japan<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tAs a British ally, Japan may seem like an odd safe haven for a Bengali
\n\t\tfreedom fighter fleeing British retribution. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBut Japan had a long history of pro-Indian sentiment, dating back to
\n\t\tIndia’s <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\texportation of Buddhism<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tto Japan via the Korean peninsula in the 6th century.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tCenturies later, <\/b>many freedom fighters were starting to look
\n\t\teast.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tJapan’s rapid industrialization and victory in 1905 over Russia in the
\n\t\tRusso-Japanese war altered the balance of power in Asia and <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\tfueled<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tnationalist movements in India and the Middle East, according to
\n\t\tMcQuade.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\t<\/p>\n

\t\t\"Description:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tA dinner party held in honor of Bose in 1915 by his close Japanese
\n\t\tfriends, including Mitsuru Tōyama (centre, behind the table), and
\n\t\tTsuyoshi Inukai (to the right of Tōyama). Bose is pictured behind Tōyama
\n\t\tis Bose.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tThe unexpected rise of an Asian nation gave freedom fighters like Bose
\n\t\thope. They thought Japan, with the rest of Asia, would be able to
\n\t\tchallenge Western hegemony.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tWestern powers such as Britain, France and Portugal had gained control
\n\t\tof vast swathes of territory across Asia and Africa while building up
\n\t\ttheir empires as early as the 15th century. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tUnder the guise of trade missions, they exploited the natural resources
\n\t\tfound across those territories and sought to "<\/span>bring
\n\t\tcivilization<\/span><\/a>"
\n\t\tto the people there. Between 1765 and 1938, Britain is estimated to have
\n\t\tdrained nearly <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t$45 trillion<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tfrom India in unfair trade and tax, according to economist Utsa Patnaik.
\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tEven though Japan was a British ally between 1902 to 1923, it had kept
\n\t\tits doors open to revolutionaries who wanted to end British rule in
\n\t\tIndia.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tAt the time, Japan was emerging as a center for Pan Asianist ideology.
\n\t\tThe Pan Asianists wanted to rectify what they saw as an unjust
\n\t\tinternational system. Some wanted to articulate the experiences of
\n\t\tnon-Western people. Others wanted to establish Japan’s leadership in
\n\t\tAsia by pushing Western powers from the region. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tDodging British authorities<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tIn Japan, Bose laid low.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tThe British embassy had hired a private Japanese detective agency to
\n\t\ttrack him down, according to Eston and Kawabe.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tHe aimed to go to Shanghai to gather weapons to send back to
\n\t\trevolutionaries in India, but in the meantime he hid in a house in
\n\t\tTokyo’s Azabu district. There, he discreetly met with Sun Yat-sen, the
\n\t\thead of the revolutionary army of China, wrote Eston and Kawabe.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tSun was <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\tin exile in Tokyo<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tafter a failed armed uprising against the Qing government and wanted to
\n\t\trouse support from Japan for an armed revolution in China.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tSun introduced Bose to Mitsuru Toyama, an influential figure among
\n\t\tJapanese political circles and the leader of Pan-Asianist group
\n\t\tGen’yosha, which was later deemed an ultra-nationalist organization and
\n\t\tclosed down by the American occupying forces after Japan’s defeat in
\n\t\tWorld War II.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\t<\/p>\n

\t\t\"Description:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tNakamuraya was founded in 1910. It initially sold cream buns and other
\n\t\tbaked goods before expanding its business operations.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tToyama knew just the place to shelter Bose, Eston and Kawabe said.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tThe "Nakamuraya Salon," as it was known among Tokyo locals and
\n\t\tintelligentsia, was a bakery and cafe located in the bustling Shinjuku
\n\t\tdistrict. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tOwners Aizo and Kokko Soma were a Christian couple with a deep interest
\n\t\tin the arts, literature and other cultures. Toyama convinced them to
\n\t\tshelter Bose from the British authorities in a small guesthouse in their
\n\t\tbackyard. He stayed there for four months and in subsequent years moved
\n\t\tmultiple times to avoid detection.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tIn 1918, <\/b>to protect him from capture, Toyama encouraged Bose to
\n\t\tmarry Soma’s eldest daughter Toshiko.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\t<\/p>\n

\t\t\"Description:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tIn 1927, Nakamuraya revamped its operations introduced Russian borscht,
\n\t\tChinese steamed buns and Indian curry to its menu. <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tAccording to Eston and Kawabe, the marriage was devised to ease Bose’s
\n\t\tintegration into Japanese society so he could keep fighting for Indian
\n\t\tindependence. It also made it easier for Bose to become a Japanese
\n\t\tcitizen in 1923. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tThe couple had two children before disaster struck. <\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tThe dream of a new world order<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tToshiko died from pneumonia in 1925. She was 27 years old.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBose threw himself into the independence movement to overcome his grief.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tEager to build cultural ties between Japan and India, he established and
\n\t\tran numerous associations such as the Indo-Japanese Friends Society and
\n\t\ta hostel called "Villa Asians" for Asian students studying in Tokyo,
\n\t\twhich he managed until 1941, according to Eri Hotta, in "Pan-Asianism
\n\t\tand Japan’s War 1931-1945."<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tHe published widely on India’s past, promoted ties between India and
\n\t\tJapan, and seized every chance to advocate for a Pan-Asian union to
\n\t\tstrengthen the region. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBose was becoming bolder with his public profile and was regularly
\n\t\tfeatured in Japanese newspapers.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tWhen Bose came to Japan, only educated Japanese knew about India, which
\n\t\tback then was known as "Tenjiku," meaning "land of heavens" in Japanese.
\n\t\tPeople dubbed Bose "tenrai," which means heavenly being, according to
\n\t\tKawabe.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\t<\/p>\n

\t\t\"Description:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tRash Behari Bose pictured here with poet and Nobel laureate Rabindranath
\n\t\tTagore.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tAll the while, the British kept an eye on him.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tFearful of his influence on a younger generation of Indians, the
\n\t\tcolonial British government made it difficult for Indian students to
\n\t\ttravel to Japan in the 1930s, <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\taccording<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tto McQuade.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tThey had good reason to be suspicious. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\t‘India’s cry’<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tIn 1931, Bose organized the first Indian Independence League in Japan,
\n\t\twhich aimed to attain the "independence of India by all possible means,"
\n\t\t<\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\taccording<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tto a declassified CIA document. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tHe enlisted Indian students to help and V. C Lingam, a student from
\n\t\tSingapore — then Malaya — who chose to study in Japan, recounts
\n\t\ttraveling to Vietnam, Bangkok and Singapore to recruit locals for the
\n\t\torganization for the independence from British colonial rule, <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\taccording<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tto the Japan Times.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\t"The league became bigger, and Bose became leader of the movement
\n\t\tthroughout East Asia," Lingam told the Japan Times in 2007.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tTwo years later, Bose received funding to publish a journal called "The
\n\t\tNew Asia," which was distributed in English and Japanese.
\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tThough that journal was banned in India and didn’t mention Japanese
\n\t\taggression in China, Bose "urged the Japanese government to cooperate
\n\t\twith the United States, China, and the Soviet Union in a move to
\n\t\teliminate British colonial control in Asia," according to <\/b>Cemil
\n\t\tAydin, a historian at the University of North Carolina-Chapel.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tFor Bose, Britain was the ultimate enemy — and a US-Japan conflict
\n\t\twould only play in the country’s favor.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tIn the lead up to World War II, relations between England and Japan had
\n\t\tsoured considerably. By 1933, Japan had quit the League of Nations, the
\n\t\tinternational diplomatic group set up after World War I to find peaceful
\n\t\tresolutions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tThe strained relations removed any incentive for the Japanese government
\n\t\tto limit Bose’s political activities, according to McQuade.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tIn 1938, after Bose published "Indo no sakebi" (India’s cry) — which
\n\t\tstrongly denounced British rule in India — British authorities
\n\t\tclassified him as a Japanese agent intent on spreading terrorist
\n\t\tpropaganda. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBy then, there was no way Japan was handing him over.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tTrouble on the horizon<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tJapan was hit especially hard by the Great Depression of the 1930s as
\n\t\tagricultural and textile <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\tprices fell<\/span><\/a>.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tAmid the economic downturn, some radicalized Pan-Asianists gained
\n\t\tcontrol of Japanese politics, and the idea that Japan could solve its
\n\t\teconomic problems through military conquests gradually gained currency.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tDuring World War II, India’s independence was an integral part of the
\n\t\tJapanese military government’s Pan-Asianist program. For example, in
\n\t\t1941 Major Iwaichi Fujiwara had established Fujiwara Kikan, a Japanese
\n\t\tintelligence operations unit tasked with supporting independence
\n\t\tmovements in British India, Malaya and Netherlands East Indies.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBut as Japan launched its ruthless campaign across the Asia-Pacific
\n\t\tduring Word War II, many prominent Indian freedom fighters like Ananda
\n\t\tMohan Sahay and Raja Mahendra Pratdap grew wary of the country and its
\n\t\tcolonization of the rest of Asia. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBose, on the other hand, never spoke up — even after the country
\n\t\tinvaded China and the Korean peninsula, according to Takeshi Nakajima,
\n\t\tauthor of "Bose of Nakamuraya: An Indian Revolutionary in Japan."<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\t"Though Bose felt conflicted by the gap between what Japan said it
\n\t\twanted to achieve for Asia and the reality, his friendships with the
\n\t\tJapanese and citizenship made it impossible for him to dissent,"
\n\t\tNakajima said.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\t<\/p>\n

\t\t\"Description:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tJapanese Major Fujiwara Iwaichi greets Captain Mohan Singh of the Indian
\n\t\tNational Army.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tIt wasn’t long before other Indians began to see him as a Japanese
\n\t\tpuppet and a collaborator with Japan’s militarist regime, argues Eri
\n\t\tHotta in her paper "Rash Behari Bose and his Japanese supporters."<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tRegardless of how others viewed him, Bose was convinced the Japanese
\n\t\tmilitary could be used to liberate India. He kept up his efforts to
\n\t\tmobilize supporters in Japan and across southeast Asia.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t<\/p>\n


\n\t\t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\t <\/span>Singapore’s
\n\t\thidden military secrets<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tOn <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\tFebruary 15, 1942<\/span><\/a>,
\n\t\tBritish commanders in Singapore surrendered the British Empire’s forces,
\n\t\tnumbering more than 120,000 in Malaysia and Singapore, to the Japanese,
\n\t\tin what became known as the largest military capitulation in British
\n\t\thistory. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tIt coincided with Japan’s campaign to persuade Indian prisoners of war
\n\t\tin Hong Kong, Shanghai and Singapore to fight alongside the Japanese for
\n\t\tthe liberation of India. After the battle over Singapore, Fujiwara asked
\n\t\tIndian military officer Mohan Singh to form an Indian army from the
\n\t\tcaptured Indian soldiers there. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tIn June of that same year, Bose chaired the Indian Independence
\n\t\tConference in Bangkok, sponsored by Japan. There, he was appointed to
\n\t\tlead the Indian National Army (INA) and the tens of thousands of Indian
\n\t\tprisoners Singh had recruited to fight alongside the Japanese. They
\n\t\tplanned to conquer the British in India.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tIt was Bose’s most high-profile role and one that seemed destined to
\n\t\tensure his name entered Indian folklore.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBut it was not to be.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tToday, another man named Bose is much more closely associated with the
\n\t\tINA than Rash Behari. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tSubhas Chandra Bose, a better-known nationalist in India, took over in
\n\t\t1943, after tensions arose between Singh and Behari Bose. Chandra Bose
\n\t\tsteadily built the Indian National Army’s ranks, convincing a greater
\n\t\tnumber of Indian prisoners of war to fight for independence, according
\n\t\tto the CIA document. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\t<\/p>\n

\t\t\"Description:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tIndian nationalist leader Subhash Chandra Bose was a well-known and
\n\t\trespected figure who even met with Adolf Hitler, in May 1942 to gain
\n\t\tsupport for the Indian independence movement.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tAs Chandra Bose became a popular figure in Japan, Behari Bose’s health
\n\t\tand presence at the forefront of the Indian independence movement
\n\t\tstarted to fade. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBehari Bose died in 1945 just before India gained independence from
\n\t\tBritish rule in 1947 — a victory he’d worked his whole life to achieve.
\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tIn India, there is now <\/span>
\n\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\ta tourism center<\/span><\/a>
\n\t\tdedicated to him in his birthplace. And in Japan, his legacy is
\n\t\timmortalized in a well-loved curry dish at Nakamuraya, which Behari Bose
\n\t\tis said to have popularized during his decades-long struggle for Indian
\n\t\tindependence. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tBehari Bose laid the foundations of the Indian Independence League and
\n\t\tthe Indian National Army, according to Eston and Kawabe.
\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t
\n\t\tRight until the end, he stood by his conviction to change the status
\n\t\tquo. And to this day, he remains one of India’s unsung freedom fighters.<\/span><\/p>\n


\n\t\t
\n\t\tCNN’s Yoko Wakatsuki contributed to this report from Tokyo. Edited by
\n\t\tHilary Whiteman and Jenni Marsh.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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