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knyfw ivc pMjwbI BwSw Aqy iesdw BivK
swDU ibinMg
jwx pCwx
ipCly 30 swlW
dOrwn knyfw Awey pMjwbI AwvwsIAW dI pihlI pIVHI pMjwbI BwSw nMU hr p`KoN Awpxy
jIvn dw ih`sw bxw ky r`K rhI hY Aqy r`KygI[GrW ivc qwlmyl vwsqy AwpxI bolI dI
v`D qoN v`D vrqoN kIqI jWdI hY[ Awpxy BweIcwry Aqy dunIAW dy msilAW nMU ivcwr
ADIn ilAwaux leI Aqy hr iksm dy AMdrUnI sMcwr vwsqy pMjwbI dI Ku`lH ky vrqoN
huMdI hY[ nqIjy vjoN A`j knyfw dy hr ih`sy ivc pMjwbI dy AnykW AKbwr, ryfIE Aqy
tYlIivXn p®ogrwm c`l rhy hn - BwvyN aunHW dy imAwr ivc kwPI suDwr dI loV hY, jo
v`Krw ivSw hY[ ipCly iqMn dhwikAW dOrwn knyfw ivc kwPI v`fI igxqI ivc pMjwbI
swihq dI rcnw hoeI hY[ eyQoN dy jIvn nwl sMbMDq kivqw dy Coty rUp bolIAW qoN lY
ky nwvl q`k, hr vMngI ivc swihq ricAw igAw hY Aqy ies nMU sWBx vwsqy mYgzIn
inkly hn Aqy sYNkiVAW dI igxqI ivc ikqwbW p®kwSq hoeIAW hn Aqy ho rhIAW hn[
knyfw dy kuJ ih`isAW, ijvyN bI sI ivc, bhuq swry srkwrI Aqy gYr srkwrI AdwirAW
nMU pMjwbIAW nwl qwlmyl vwsqy pMjwbI dI ilKqI qOr ’qy Aqy bolcwl ivc vrqoN krn
leI mMnwieAw hY[ bI sI ivc pMjwbI BwSw nMU skUlW ivc AsUln v`fy p`Dr au~qy
mwnqw imlI hY[ vYnkUvr dI pMjwbI mwrikt ivc sVkW dy nW pMjwbI ivc vI ilKy gey
hn[ ieh isrP kuJ audwhrnW hn ijnHW dy AwDwr au~qy AsIN ieh kih skdy hW ik knyfw
Aw ky pMjwbIAW ny AwpxI bolI nMU iksy qrHW vI BulwieAw nhIN hY[
ies
leI jdoN AsIN knyfw ivc BwSw dI sMBwl Aqy ivkws dI g`l krdy hW qW Asl ivc AsIN
knyfw ivc jMmx plx vwlIAW AglIAW pIVHIAW dy pMjwbI nwl irSqy bwry g`l kr rhy
huMdy hW[ swP SbdW ivc knyfw ivc pMjwbI BwSw dy Biv`K dw mslw mu`K qOr au~qy
AglIAW pIVHIAW nwl pMjwbI dw fUMGw irSqw joVn nwl sMbMD r`Kdw hY[ AwvwsIAW dy
siBAwcwr Aqy BwSw sMbMDI Koj dy AwDwr au~qy ieh mMinAw jWdw irhw hY ik jy G`t
igxqI siBAwcwr Aqy BwSw nMU Xog auqswh Aqy shwieqw nw imly qW auh iqMn pIVHIAW
ivc v`fy smwj dw ih`sw bx jWdy hn[dUjy SbdW ivc, byAwsrI bolI Aqy siBAwcwr iqMn
pIVHIAW ivc AwpxI hoNd gvw idMdy hn[ pr AwvjweI Aqy sMcwr ivc ho rhIAW nvIAW
qknIkI eIjwdW Aqy BwSw Aqy siBAwcwr sMbMDI nvIAW KojW nUM iDAwn ivc r`KidAW ieh
ikAws kIqw jw skdw hY ik iqMn pIVHIAW ivc bolI dy Kqm hox vwlI hoxI Swied
pMjwbI nwl nw vwpry[ hux AsIN pMjwbI bolI dy somy pMjwb qoN dUr ho ky vI, dUr
nhIN hW[ tYlIPon, tYlIivXn, Aqy suKwly hvweI sPr ny swfI dUrI kwPI h`d q`k Gtw
id`qI hY[ kMipaUtr dy ivkws nwl ieh dUrI hor vI qyzI nwl G`t rhI hY[ pr Pyr vI
jy AsIN knyfw ivc jMm pL rhIAW AglIAW pIVHIAW dw pMjwbI bolI nwl koeI nyVlw
irSqw sQwpq krn ivc kwmXwb nw hoey qW qknIkI ivkws, BwSw Aqy siBAwcwr dI nvIN
sUJ nwl pYx vwly cMgy AsrW qoN koeI bhuqw Pwiedw nhIN auTwieAw jw skygw[
eyQy jMmy pLy
b`icAW nMU pMjwbI BwSw dI is`iKAw dyx dw kMm mu`K qOr ’qy gurdvwirAW vloN
hoieAw hY[ knyfw dy hr ih`sy ivc ij`Qy vI is`KW ny Awpxy Dwrimk kyNdr sQwpq
kIqy hn au~Qy ienHW kyNdrW v`loN b`icAW nMU pMjwbI pVHwaux v`l vI zrUr kuJ nw
kuJ koiSS hoeI hY[ ieh g`l Awpxy Awp ivc hr p`KoN sulwhuxXog hY BwvyN
gurdvwirAW vloN pMjwbI dI pVHweI sMbMDI ApxweI phuMc ivigAwnk hox nwloN Dwrimk
izAwdw rhI hY[
pMjwbI dI pVHweI
vl ivigAwnk lIhW au~pr swfy v`loN gMBIrqw nwl iDAwn nw dyx ip`Cy do mu`K g`lW
hn: iek qW pMjwb Aqy pMjwbI BwSw nwl sMbMDq AnykW ieiqhwsk, Dwrimk, rwjnIqk Aqy
AwriQk kwrn hn jo iesdy ivkws ivc roVw bxdy hn; dUjw Awvws dIAW AwpxIAW
sm`isAwvW Aqy pirsiQqIAW hn jo pMjwbI BwSw dy ivkws ivc shwiek is`D nhIN
hoeIAW[ swfy hux q`k ies pwsy vl rv`eIey dI jy ghu nwl pVqwl kIqI jwvy qW aus
ivcoN kuJ ies qrHW dy kwrn auBr ky swhmxy Awauxgy: A) swfy pMjwbI nwl irSqy ivc
kuJ AxsulJIAW sm`isAwvW hn; A) swfI jIvn p®iq phuMc loV qoN izAwdw ivhwrk
(prYgmYitk) hY; e) AsIN b`icAW vwsqy mwq-BwSw dI is`iKAw dI zrUrq sMbMDI nvIN
Koj Aqy dUjIAW BwSwvW dy lokW vloN huMdIAW koiSSW qoN pUrI qrHW vwikP nhIN hW;
s) AsIN knyfw dy bhusiBAwcwrk smwj ivcly Awpxy h`kW qoN pUrI qrHW vwikP nhIN
hW; h) pMjwbI dy iek AMqrrwSqrI BwSw hox dy q`Q qoN AsIN Ajy loVINdI SkqI lYxI
AwrMB nhIN kIqI, Awid[ pMjwbI BwSw v`lW swfy rv`eIey ivcly ieh kwrn BwSw nMU
sWBx Aqy iesdw ivkws krn dIAW koiSSW ivc nWh-p`KI Asr pwauNdy hn[
BwvyN ies sMbMDI
swnMU Awpxy Awp nMU loV qoN vwDU ksUrvwr smJ ky inrwS nhIN hoxw cwhIdw pr
AslIAq nMU A`KoN auhly krnw vI isAwxp nhIN[ ies dw zwhrw qOr ’qy nukswn ieh
hoieAw hY ik ipCly do FweI dhwikAW dOrwn eyQy jMmy pLy swfy b`icAW ivcoN v`fI
igxqI pMjwbI BwSw dI mu`Fly p`Dr dI pVHweI ilKweI dy hunr qoN vI korI rhI hY,
BwvyN bolx dI p`Dr au~qy siQqI eynI audwsI vwlI nhIN[ bolcwl dI p`Dr au~qy
pMjwbI dy kwiem rihx dw iek kwrn ieh hY ik ies smyN dOrwn pMjwb qoN lgwqwr nvyN
lok eyQy Aw ky vsdy rhy hn, ijs nwl swfy eyQy jMmy b`icAW dw pMjwb qoN Awaux
vwly irSqydwrW Aqy skUl ivcly nvyN sihpwTIAW nwl qwlmyl v`Ddw irhw hY[ pMjwbI
sMgIq dy ieMglYNf Aqy knyfw ivc hoey ivkws (iesdy imAwr dI g`l v`KrI hY) ny vI
b`icAW ivc bolI p®iq cyqnw Aqy nyVqw ilAWdI hY[ nvyN pMjwbI AwvwsIAW dy lgwqwr
Awaux nwl auNJ hI pMjwbI BwSw dI knyfw ivc aumr inrsMdyh v`D rhI hY[ pr eyQy
jMm pL rhy swfy b`icAW nUM pMjwbI dI ivigAwnk lIhW ’qy is`iKAw dyx vl koeI eynI
v`fI guxwqmk (kuJ h`d q`k bI sI dI siQqI nUM C`f ky) qbdIlI nhIN AweI idsdI[
ies
leI swfy vwsqy ieh zrUrI ho jWdw hY ik AsIN knyfw ivc AglIAW pIVHIAW nMU pMjwbI
dI is`iKAw dyx jW idvwaux vwsqy hor vI gMBIrqw nwl socIey[ pMjwbI BwSw dy ivkws
sMbMDI AwpxI smJ Aqy phuMc nMU ies mulk dIAW Aqy smyN dIAW siQqIAW Anuswr nvIAW
lIhW au~qy GoKIey[ nvIN smJ nMU AwDwr bxw ky Awpxy Awp nMU hwlwq dy hwx dy
bxweIey[ hQly pypr ivc ies pwsy v`l ieh mu`FlI koiSS hY[ knyfw ivc pMjwbI BwSw
Aqy iesdy Biv`K dy msly nMU hyT ilKy ih`isAW ivc r`K ky ivcwirAw jw skdw hY:
1. knyfw ivc pMjwbI BwSw nMU sWBx
dI loV
2. mOjUdw siQqI
3. kI krn dI loV hY?
1. knyfw ivc
pMjwbI BwSw nMU sWBx dI loV
sB
qoN pihlI g`l ijhVI AsIN swry jwxdy hW ik bolI iksy vI siBAwcwr dw mh`qvpUrn
icMn hI nhIN huMdI sgoN auh mwiDAm hMudI hY ijs ny siBAwcwr nMU iek pIVHI qoN
dUjI q`k lY ky jwxw huMdw hY[ AsIN Awpxy swihq, gIq-sMgIq, Drm, rsm-irvwj,
smwijk-myljol ijhIAW g`lW dw jo AnMd AwpxI bolI ivc mwxdy hW auh dUjI bolI ivc
sMBv nhIN ho skdw[ ies krky siBAwcwr nMU ies dy Awpxy rMgW, mihkW qy suhj
suAwdW ivc kwiem r`Kx vwsqy bolI dw kwiem rihxw zrUrI hY[ pMjwbI bolI ibnW
pMjwbI siBAwcwr dw ikAws nhIN kIqw jw skdw[ siBAwcwr dI rUh nMU AglIAW pIVHIAW
q`k phuMcwx vwsqy swfy b`icAW nMU pMjwbI BwSw dI jwxkwrI Aiq zrUrI hY[
so
Awpxy siBAwcwrk nzrIey qoN knyfw ivc AwpxI BwSw nMU sWBx dI loV bwry AsIN swry
kwPI h`d q`k swP hW[ pr AsIN b`icAW dy jW knyfIAn smwj
dy nzrIey qoN ies bwry auny swP nhIN hW[ ies sMbMDI keI svwl hn ijnHW bwry swry
lok ie`ko ijhI sUJ Aqy phuMc nhIN r`Kdy[ audwhrn vjoN, (A) swfy eyQy jMm pL rhy
b`cy pMjwbI ikauN pVHn? (A) kI pMjwbI aunHW dI
mwq-BwSw hY? (e) CotI aumr dy b`cy vwsqy iek qoN v`D
bolIAW is`Kxw ausdy ivAkqIg`q ivkws ivc swDk hY jW bwDk? (s) pMjwbI
BwSw dI jwxkwrI aunHW dy knyfIAn jIvn ivc iks iksm dw Aqy iks qrHW vwDw krygI? jW, pMjwbI BwSw dI jwxkwrI nMU auh ik`Qy Aqy iks qrHW vrqoN
ivc ilAwauxgy? (h) kI swfy b`icAW nMU pMjwbI pVHwaux
leI knyfIAn smwj dI vI koeI izMmyvwrI bxdI hY? ieh Aqy ies iksm dy hor vI AnykW
svwl hn ijnHW bwry swP hox leI Aqy sWJI phuMc Apxwaux leI gMBIr ivcwr vtWdry dI
loV hY[ eysy qrHW kuJ svwl pMjwbI BwSw bwry vI hn
ijnHW au~pr ivcwr vtWdrw swfy leI shweI ho skdw hY[ audwhrn vjoN, (k) kI
AMgRyzI jW hor zbwnW dy mukwbly pMjwbI pirmitv (p`CVI) BwSw hY? Awid[ ienHW kuJ svwlW bwry hyTW sMKyp ivc crcw kIqI jwvygI[
(a)
swfy eyQy jMm pL rhy b`cy pMjwbI ikauN pVHn?
ijs
qrHW mwipAW nMU jW pihlI pIVHI nMU ieh loV kudrqI jwpdI hY ik aunHW dy b`cy
aunHW dI BwSw qoN jwxU hox Aqy aunHW dy siBAwcwr nMU A`gy lY ky jwx iesy qrHW
b`icAW nMU vI Awpxy ipCokV nwl juVn dI kudrqI loV Aqy KwihS huMdI hY[ ieh
g`l v`KrI hY ik keI vwrI keI siQqIAW Aqy mjbUrIAW ADIn b`cy AwpxI mwq-BwSw Aqy
siBAwcwr qoN bymu`K ho jWdy hn[ loV huMdI hY aunHW siQqIAW nMU smJx Aqy bdlx dI
ijhVIAW b`cy au~pr ies iksm dy Asr pwauNdIAW hn[
ijhVI
bolI bolx vwlI mW dI ku`KoN jW prvwr ivc b`cw jnm lYNdw hY auh sB qoN pihlW auh
bolI hI is`Kdw hY Aqy auh bolI hI ausdI mwq-BwSw huMdI hY[ jy ieh prvwr iksy
Aijhy kbIly jW smwj dw ih`sw hY jo hor bolIAW bolx vwly kbIilAW jW smwjW dy
sMprk ivc nhIN AwauNdw qW aus b`cy vwsqy auh bolI hI sB kuJ hovygI[ auh aus
bolI nwl ibnW iksy muSkl dy Awpxw jIvn ibqw skdw hY ijs qrHW aus dy kbIly dy
lok sdIAW qoN krdy Awey hox[ aus nMU kdy vI AwpxI bolI dy GtIAw, kmzor jW
mh`qvhIx hox dw Aihsws nhIN hovygw[ pr jy auhI prvwr jW kbIlw iksy Aijhy smwj
dw ih`sw bx jwx ij`Qy aunHW dy Gr AMdr bolI jWdI bolI qoN ibnW koeI hor bolI
vrqI jWdI hovy Aqy jy smyN dIAW AwriQk, rwjInqk Aqy smwijk hwlqW Anuswr Gr AMdr
vrqI jWdI bolI bwhr vrqI jWdI bolI dy mukwbly G`t mh`qqw r`KdI hovy; Gr ivclI
bolI ivc is`iKAw imlx dI, nOkrI imlx dI Aqy smwijk drjw imlx dI koeI Aws nw
hovy; aus Gr dy bwkI jIA vI ies hkIkq A`gy hiQAwr su`t ky AwpxI bolI qoN bymu`K
ho gey hox, qW aus b`cy nMU ieh jwnx ivc dyr nhIN l`gygI ik jIvn ivc sPl hox
leI auhnMU ikhVI bolI is`KxI Aqy vrqxI cwhIdI hY[ ausdI mwq-BwSw Aqy smwj ivc
p®vwxq BwSw ivcly aUc-nIc dy irSqy dI siQqI aus b`cy nMU AwpxI mwq-BwSw qoN
bymu`K hox leI mjbUr kr dyvygI[ aus b`cy dy mn AMdr AwpxI mwq-BwSw vlW mwx dw
nhIN sgoN hIxqw dw Aihsws jwgygw Aqy auh smwj ivc p®vwxq Aqy sPl hox leI smwj
ivc v`fw drjw r`Kx vwlI BwSw nwl AwpxI pCwx krygw Aqy krvweygw[
ivktorIAw bI sI ivc tI. mYknwmI Aqy AYc.
vweHIt vloN 1985 ivc kIqI geI iek Koj swfy leI b`icAW nwl vrqdI ies hoxI nMU
smJx ivc shweI ho skdI hY[ aunHW ny grytr ivktorIAw dI ieMtr-klcrl AYsosIeySn
vloN sQwnk is`K tYNpl Aqy ihMMdU p®ISd dy sihXog nwl clwey iek p®ogrwm sMbMDI
ivsQwr ivc iliKAw hY[ ies ivc p®I-skUl dI aumr dy b`icAW vwly kuJ pMjwbI prvwr
Swml sn[ ies p®ogrwm ADIn hr somvwr Aqy bu`Dvwr bwAd dupihr do GMitAW dw sYSn
iek sQwnk crc ivc lwieAw jWdw sI jo ihMdU p®ISd vloN AwpxIAW mIitMgW vwsqy
vriqAw jWdw sI[ ies ivc pMjwbI b`cy iek p®I-skUl AiDAwpk Aqy pMjwbI bolx vwly
ivAkqI dI ingrwnI hyT huMdy sn Aqy ausy vyly v`fI aumr dy pMjwbI vI au~Qy iek
eI AYs AYl tIcr koloN AMMgRyzI is`Kdy[ mYknwmI Aqy vweHIt Anuswr p®I-skUl dy
b`icAW vwsqy inSwnw ieh sI ik AMgRyzI dI mu`FlI jwxkwrI dy nwl nwl aunHW dI Gr
ivc is`KI pMjwbI vrqx dI Xogqw nMU auqswhq Aqy prp`k krnw[ KojkwrIAW ny not
kIqw ik ijhVy b`cy pihlW hI kuJ AMgRyzI jwxdy sn auh nw qW pMjwbI bolxI
cwhuMMdy sn Aqy nw hI auh au~Qy hwzr v`fI aumr dy pMjwbIAW v`loN pyS kIqy gIqW
jW khwxIAW ivc koeI idlcspI lYNdy sn[ auh b`cy AMgRyzI qoN ibnW bwkI sB kuJ nUM
r`d (rIjYkt) krdy sn[ ieh aunHW ny pihly p®I-skUl ivcoN is`iKAw sI ij`Qy
duBwSI/dusiBAwcwrI jIvn-jwc nUM vVwvw nhIN sI id`qw jWdw[ ieh g`l Kyf dOrwn
b`icAW ivckwr hoeI g`lbwq qoN zwhr hoeI: do b`cy pMjwbI ivc g`l kr rhy sn[ qIjy
b`cy ny Aw ky aunHW nMU AMgRyzI ivc toikAw: “no pMjwbI ien dw skUl”[ ies mOky
p®I-skUl AiDAwpk ny Aw ky aunHW nwl g`lbwq kIqI Aqy aunHW nMU auqswhq kIqw ik
do zbwnW bol skxw ik`fI v`fI g`l hY Aqy auh ikMny KuSiksmq hn ik auh do zbwnW
bol skdy hn[ ies iksm dy lgwqwr imldy hONsly dy nqIjy vjoN aunHW b`icAW ivc
pMjwbI bolI Aqy siBAwcwr p®iq nvW auqswh pYdw hoieAw Aqy nwl hI auh b`cy
AMgRyzI vI auny hI vDIAw qrIky nwl is`Kx l`gy[ mYknwmI Aqy vweHIt ny ies Koj
rwhIN idKwieAw ik iks qrHW b`icAW nMUM duBwSI/dusiBAwcwrI jIvn-jwc isKwieAw jw
skdw hY ijhVw b`cy dy ivAkqIgq ivkws ivc Aqy ividAw g®ihx krn ivc hW-p`KI
BUimkw inBw skdw hY[
bcpn
ivc nWh-p`KI siQqIAW dw iSkwr hoey b`icAW dy jIvn ivc kdy nw kdy ieh mOkw zrUr
AwauNdw hY jdoN auh Awpxy ipCokV bwry socdy hn Aqy aus nwl juVnw locdy hn[ ies
dIAW AnykW audwhrnW swfy Awsy pwsy iK`lrIAW peIAW hn[ v`fy p`Dr au~qy APrIkw
ivcoN gulwm bxw ky ilAWdy kwly AmrIkn lokW dI Awpxy ipCokV nwl juVn dI locnw
qoN AsIN swry jwxU hW[ ies sMdrB ivc mYN Awpxw in`jI qjrbw vI quhwfy nwl sWJw
kr skdw hW[ ipCly ds igAwrW swl qoN mYN XU bI sI ivc pMjwbI pVHw irhw hW[
pMjwbI dIAW jmwqW lYx vwly pMjwbI ipCokV dy ividAwrQIAW dw kihxw hY ik auh bcpn
ivc pMjwbI is`KxI iblkul psMd nhIN sn krdy[ auh smJdy sn ik ieh Kwh mKwh aunHW
dy mwipAW vloN aunHW au~pr TosI jw rhI hY[ pr XUnIvristI Aw ky aunHW ny mihsUs
kIqw ik Awpxy mwipAW nwl Aqy siBAwcwr nwl nyVqw leI pMjwbI zbwn dw Awauxw byh`d
zrUrI hY[ aunHW nMU ies g`l dw pCqwvw hY ik aunHW ny mwipAW dI g`l iDAwn nwl
ikauN nw suxI[ swfy leI smJx vwlI g`l ieh hY ik pMjwbI BwSw dw kwiem rihxw isrP
swfy nzrIey qoN hI nhIN swfy b`icAW dy nzrIey qoN vI zrUrI hY[
(A)
kI pMjwbI aunHW dI mwq-BwSw hY?
ieh
svwl kuJ lokW nMU pihlI nzry Swied kwPI sDwrn Aqy PzUl jwpy pr ieh kwPI pycIdw
mslw hY[ pirBwSw ieh g`l inrDwrq krdI hY ik AsIN ikhVI BwSw nMU Aqy ikauN AwpxI
mwq-BwSw dw drjw idMdy hW Aqy ikhVI nMU nhIN[ auNJ kihx nMU pMjwb ivc jMimAW
piLAW bwry ieh inrxy nwl ikhw jw skdw hY ik aunHW dI mwq-BwSw pMjwbI hY pr Pyr
vI, ijvyN AsIN jwxdy hW, kuJ lok ies g`l qoN munkr huMdy rhy hn[ sMswr p®is`D
BwSw ivigAwnI tov skUtnwb-kWgws Anuswr mwq-BwSw dI pirBwSw leI Aksr cwr mUl-q`q
vrqy jWdy hn:
mUl-q`q pirBwSw
mu`F ijhVI
zbwn(nW) b`cy ny pihlW is`KI hovy
Xogqw
ijhVI zbwn(nW)
ivc b`cw izAwdw Xogqw r`Kdw hovy
vrqoN ijhVI
zbwn(nW) b`cw izAwdw vrqoN ivc ilAw irhw hovy
pCwx
A AMdrUnI ijhVI zbwn(nW)
nwl b`cw AwpxI pCwx krdw hovy
A bwhrI ijhVI zbwn(nW)
nwl dUjy lok aus dI pCwx krdy hox
ies AwDwr au~qy ieko ivAkqI dIAW iek qoN v`D mwq-BwSwvW ho
skdIAW hn; bMdy dI mwq-BwSw jIvn ivc iek qoN v`D vwr bdl skdI hY; smwj ivc
BwSwvW dI drjwbMdI Anuswr mwq-BwSw dI pirBwSw nIAq kIqI jw skdI hY[
audwhrn
vjoN, knyfw ivc jMmy swfy b`cy dI mwq-BwSw isrP mu`F vwly mUl-q`q Anuswr pMjwbI
hovygI[ bwkI iqMn mUl-q`qW Anuswr ausdI mwq-BwSw AMgRyzI mMnI jwvygI[ knyfw
ivcly is`iKAw dy FWcy Anuswr aus b`cy dI Xogqw pMjwbI nwloN AMgRyzI ivc izAwdw
hovygI[ auh pMjwbI nwloN AMgRyzI dI v`D vrqoN krygw[ bhuqIAW hwlqW ivc auh Kud
AwpxI pCwx AMgRyzI bolI bolx vwly dy qOr au~qy krygw Aqy krvweygw[ dUsry lok vI
ausdI pCwx AMgRyzI bolx vwly ivAkqI dy qOr au~qy hI krngy[ jwxI ik Xogqw, vrqoN
Aqy pCwx nMU AwDwr bxw ky aus b`cy dI mwq-BwSw AMgRyzI mMnI jwvygI[ knyfw ivc
pMjwbI BwSw dI AMgRyzI dy mukwbly nIvyN drjy dI siQqI ny aus b`cy dI mwq-BwSw
pMjwbI qoN AMgRyzI kr id`qI[ l`gdw hY ik bhuqy lokW vloN ies vrqwry nMU kudrqI
vrqwrw smJ ky prvwn kr ilAw jWdw hY[ ies vrqwry ip`Cy Cupy ivqkry nMU G`t hI
pCwixAW jWdw hY[ skUtnwb-kWgws G`t igxqI Aqy kmzor BwSwvW ivru`D ivqkry dI ies
swzS nMU nMigAw krdI hY[ ausdw kihxw hY ik mwq-BwSw dI Xogqw jW vrqoN vrgy
mUl-q`qW nwl pirBwSw krky srdwrI vwlIAW BwSwvW kmzor qy G`t igxqI BwSwvW nwl
BwSweI ivqkrw (ilMgUiszm) krdIAW hn[ mu`FlI BwSw qoN ibnW dUjI BwSw(vW) ivc v`D
Xogqw, ausdI v`D vrqoN, aus nwl AwpxI pCwx dw mu`K kwrn ieh huMdw hY ik b`cy
nMU ausdI mu`FlI BwSw is`Kx dw, Aqy aus nwl juVn dw mOkw hI nhIN id`qw igAw
huMdw[ ividAk AdwirAW ivc pVHweI vwsqy mwq-BwSw dIAW ienHW pirBwSwvW dI vrqoN sbMDI
aus dw ivcwr hY: “ividAk AdwirAW ivc jdoN iek G`t igxqI b`cy dI mwq-BwSw nMU
pirBwSq kIqw jWdw hY qW vrqoN Aqy Xogqw nMU pirBwSw dw AwDwr bxwauxw siBAwcwrk
Aqy sMsQwnk BwSweI ivqkrw (ieMstIitaUSnl ilMgUiszm) hY”[ swfy vwsqy svwl ieh
pYdw huMdw hY ik kI Awpxy b`icAW dI mwq-BwSw dI pirBwSw inrDwrq krn vwsqy AsIN
rwxI BwSw dy pYrokwrW vloN TosI pirBwSw vrqxI hY jW ies p`K ivc Awp soc ky koeI
is`tw k`Fxw hY[ Awpxy b`icAW dI mwq-BwSw dI pirBwSw Awp krn dy Aml ivcoN AsIN
loVINdI sUJ Aqy SkqI pYdw kr skdy hW jo mwq-BwSw dy h`k leI j`do-jihd ivc swfI
shweI ho skdI hY[
ies
sMdrB ivc ieMglYNf dy pMjwbIAW drimAwn c`lI bihs qoN jwxU hoxw vI swfy vwsqy
PwiedymMd ho skdw hY[ ieMglYNf dy do jwxy pCwxy lyKkW svrn cMdn Aqy hrbKS
mksUdpurI ny ieh ivcwr pyS kIqw ik swnMU mMn lYxw cwhIdw hY ik swfy b`icAW dI
mwq-BwSw pMjwbI nhIN AMgRyzI hY[ svrn cMdn svwl krdw hY: “pMjwbI BwSw mwipAW dI
mW-bolI qW hY pr kI ieh b`icAW dI mW-bolI vI hY?” ies dy jvwb ivc auh Kud ies
is`ty qy phuMcdw hY ik ieMglYNf ivc jMmy pMjwbI b`icAW dI mwq-BwSw AMgRyzI hI
khI jw skdI hY[ cMdn vWg mksUdpurI dI vI iehy rwie hY[ Aqy auh AwpxI rwie dy
ADwr au~qy ies is`ty au~qy phuMcdw hY: “s`c ieh hY ik pMjwbI zubwn dw, sxy hor
BwrqI zubwnW dy ie`Qy koeI Biv`K nhIN[ v`D qoN v`D vIh swl q`k bolcwl dIAW bolIAW
dy qOr ’qy ienHW dw nwauN inSwn imt jwvygw[ ieh bolIAW mMdrW msIqW qy
gurduAwirAW dIAW h`dW qoN bwhr iblkul Kqm ho jwxgIAW[”ienHW ivdvwnW vloN
pyS kIqy ivcwrW nMU hrdyv isMG FysI Aqy drSn isMG qwqlw vloN zordwr SbdW
ivc r`d kIqw igAw[
svrn
cMdn vloN id`qI dlIl ik “aunHW b`icAW dw vwh in`ky pYmwny au~qy qW pMjwbI smwj
nwl pYNdw hY pr v`fy pYmwny au~qy auh mu`K dyS Aqy iesdI smwijk Dwrw qoN
p®Bwivq huMdy hn” dy ivroD ivc drSn isMG qwqlw ilKdw hY: “mW-bolI dw sMbMD v`fy
smwj nwl nhIN blik in`ky smwj nwl hI hY, ijs ivc b`cw Awpxy pihly SbdW dI swrxI
is`Kdw hY Aqy BwSw ivigAwnI mwhrW Anuswr suqy-is`D hI AwpxI mwq-BwSw dy grwmr
inXm aucwr ky bolx vwly smwj ivc prvyS krdw hY[ bolI bolx nwl auh AijhI bolI
dIAW auh sB XukqIAW p®wpq kr lYNdw hY ijs nMU auh iPr cwhMudw hoieAw vI Bulw
nhIN skdw[ pihly iqMn cwr swlW dI is`KI hoeI bolI hI ausdI mW-bolI khwaux dw
ruqbw r`KdI hY[’ qwqlw vloN id`qI dlIl vjndwr jwpdI hY[ ies sMdrB ivc ieh do
audwhrnW dyKIAW jw skdIAW hn:
pihlI
audwhrn: knyfw ivc 40ivAW 50ivAW dOrwn jMm ky jvwn hoey pMjwbIAW ny Awpxy bcpn
ivc Awpxy GrW ivc pMjwbI bolxI is`KI[ aus smyN pMjwbIAW dI igxqI G`t hox kwrn
Gr qoN bwhr ienHW dw vwh bhuq G`t pMjwbIAW nwl ipAw Aqy ies qrHW l`gw ik ieh
bolI Bu`l gey[ pr jdoN 60ivAW Aqy 70ivAW dOrwn pMjwbIAW dI igxqI vDI qW eyQy
jMmy pLy lok hOlI hOlI muV guzwry jogI pMjwbI bolx l`g pey[ swP hY ik jy ienHW
ny bcpn ivc pMjwbI nw is`KI huMdI qW kdy vI eynI sOK nwl pMjwbI bolx nw l`gdy[
BwvyN ieh Ajy vI pMjwbI nwloN v`D AMgRyzI jwxdy, boldy Aqy vrqdy hn pr ij`Qy
q`k mwq-BwSw dw sMbMD hY ienHW dI mwq-BwSw pMjwbI hI mMnxI pvygI[
dUjI
audwhrn: iek pMjwbI prvwr sMn 1960 dy duAwly pMjwb qoN Aw ky vYnkUvr, ib®itS
kolMbIAw rihx l`gw[ aus prvwr idAW iqMn b`icAW ivcoN doNh dw jnm eyQy Aw kyy
hoieAw[ Sihr dy ijs ih`sy ivc ieh prvwr rihMdw sI au~Qy bhuqy pMjwbI prvwr nhIN
sn[ ies prvwr dy b`icAW dy dosq gYr-pMjwbI sn Aqy Awly duAwly dy swry mwhOl ivc
AMgRyzI hI BwrU sI[ CyqI hI ieh b`cy pMjwbI ‘Bu`l’ gey[ ivckwrlw muMfw jo knyfw
dw jMm pL sI, jdoN qyrHW cOdW swl dw hoieAw qW glq kMpnI ivc pY igAw[ skUl
ivcoN gYr-hwzr rihx dy nwl nwl auh in`kIAW motIAW corIAW Awid vI krn l`gw[
GridAW nMU bVw iPkr l`gw[ sm`isAw dw koeI h`l nhIN sI idsdw[ aunHW dw ip`Cy
pMjwb ivc prvwr kwPI v`fw sI[ auh muMfy nMU ipMf C`f Awey qy GridAW nMU hdwieq
kr Awey ik ies nMU iksy pwsy Awaux jwx nhIN dyxw Aqy Gr dy KyqI dy kMm kwr ivc
msrUP r`Kxw hY[ Cy s`q mhIny bwAd jdoN auh muMfw muV ky knyfw AwieAw qW ipMf dy
muhwvry nwl TyT pMjwbI boldw sI[ swP hY ik jy aus b`cy ny bcpn ivc pMjwbI nw
is`KI huMdI qW eynI CyqI iek v`KrI zbwn bolxI nhIN sI is`K skdw[ jW ies nMU ies
qrHW vI dyiKAw jw skdw hY[ jy aus b`cy dy dosqW ivcoN AMgRyzI prvwr nwl sMbMD
r`Kx vwlw jW cInI prvwr nwl sMbMD r`Kx vwlw koeI b`cw pMjwb dy ipMf Byj id`qw
jWdw qW kI auh vI Cy s`q mhIny dy smyN ivc ipMf dy muhwvry nwl pMjwbI bolxI
is`K jWdw? jvwb nWh ivc hovygw[ dUjy SbdW ivc b`cy dI mwq-BwSw auh hI huMdI hY
jo auh Awpxy jIvn dy pihly swlW dOrwn is`Kdw hY[
swfy
leI ieh bihs byh`d mh`qv r`KdI hY[ swP zwhr hY ik jy AsIN mwq-BwSw dI pirBwSw
iek dy QW dUjI lY lYNdy hW qW AsIN vI aunHW hI is`itAW au~qy phuMcWgy ijnHW
au~qy cMdn Aqy mksUdpurI phuMcy[ pr ijvyN mYN pihlW skUtnwb-kWgws dy hvwly nwl
ikhw hY ik ienHW pirBwSwvW dy ip`Cy qwkqvr BwSw dy pYrokwrW dI iek BwSweI
ivqkry vwlI soc kMm krdI hY ijs qoN swnMU swvDwn rihxw pvygw[ AsIN Awpxy
siBAwcwr bwry Awm qOr au~qy, Aqy Drm bwry Kws qOr au~qy, iksy dUjy dI ies iksm
dI rwie mMnx nMU kdwicq iqAwr nhIN hW[ Pyr swnMU AwpxI BwSw dy sMbMD ivc vI
dUijAW dI rwie ijauN dI iqauN nhIN mMn lYxI cwhIdI[ myry ivcwr ivc knyfw ivc
pMjwbI GrW ivc jnm lYx vwly b`icAW dI mwq-BwSw pMjwbI hI mMnI jwxI cwhIdI hY[
jy AsIN ieh mMn lvWgy Aqy ies ivc pUrw XkIn krn l`g pvWgy qW Aws bxdI hY ik
Awpxy b`icAW dI pVHweI sMbMDI hor vI gMBIrqw nwl socxw SurU krWgy[
(e)
CotI aumr dy b`cy vwsqy iek qoN v`D BwSw is`Kxw ausdy
bOiDk Aqy Akwdimk ivkws ivc swDk hY jW bwDk?
tI. mYknwmI Aqy AYc. vwHeIt dI
Koj dy hvwly nwl ieh g`l pihlW kIqI jw cu`kI hY ik b`cy dI AwpxI mwq-BwSw ivc
muhwrq ausnMU dUjI BwSw is`Kx ivc shwieqw krdI hY[ pr
ies msly bwry hor ivsQwr ivc ivcwrnw zrUrI hY ikauNik b`cy vloN SurU dy swlW
dOrwn skUl ivc iek qoN v`D BwSw is`Kx dy svwl au~qy vI ivdvwnW ivc v`KrIAW
v`KrIAW rwvW hn[
knyfw
dy jwxy pCwxy BwSw ivigAwnI ijMm kimMnz ny ienHW ivcwrW nMU do mwflW rwhIN pyS
kIqw hY[ pihly mwfl Anuswr ieh g`l mMnI jWdI sI ik b`cy ivc BwSw is`Kx dI Xogqw
sImq huMdI hY[ jdoN auh iek BwSw is`Kdw hY qW is`ty vjoN auh dUjI ivc kmzor ho
jWdw hY[ nqIjy vjoN b`cw dovW ivc kmzor ho jWdw hY[ ies dy mukwbly jy b`cw iek
hI BwSw is`K irhw hovy qW auh aus ivc izAwdw huiSAwr hovygw[ ies phuMc nMU auh bYlYNs iePYkt iQaUrI dw nW idMdw hY[
ausdw kihxw hY ik ividAk AdwirAW vloN ieh phuMc kwPI vjndwr smJI jWdI sI Aqy
ies nMU rwjnIqk huMgwrw vI pUrw imldw sI:
“jdoN G`t igxqI b`icAW dIAW
ividAw dIAW sm`isAwvW au~pr bYlYNs iePYkt
iQaUrI lwgU kIqI jWdI sI qW ieh kwPI auic`q jwpdI sI ikauNik ieh swbq huMdw
sI ik jdoN b`cy dUjI BwSw (AYl 2) is`Kdy sn qW auh pihlI BwSw (AYl 1) ivc kmzor
ho jWdy sn[ ieh g`l is`iKAw SwsqrIAW vwsqy vI TIk bihMdI sI ikauNik ies nwl
b`icAW dI dUjI BwSw (AYl 2) ivc nwkwmXwbI nMU aunHW dI pihlI BwSw (AYl 1) dw
ksUr mMn ilAw jWdw sI[”
nqIjy
vjoN hor mulkW dI qrHW knyfw ivc vI G`t igxqI bolIAW dI ividAw nMU skUlW ivc
mwnqw hI nhIN sI id`qI jWdI sgoN ies nUM hr hIly inrauqswh kIqw jWdw sI[ pr ijMm kimMnz dUjy mwfl ivc ieh drswauNdw hY ik nvIN
Koj ny ies iQaUrI nMU r`d kr id`qw hY[ dUjy mwfl nMU auh iQMk tYNk dw nW idMdw hY[ aus Anuswr nvIN Koj ieh is`ty k`FdI hY:
1
G`t
igxqI b`cy dI pihlI BwSw AYl 1 leI, Gr jW skUl ivc l`gw smW iksy qrHW vI AYl 2
dI pVHweI ivc rukwvt nhIN bxdw[
2
aunHW
G`t igxqI b`icAW ivcoN ijhVy isrP AYl 2 vwly skUlW ivc pVHweI ivc kmzor huMdy
hn, G`t igxqI b`cy dI pihlI BwSw AYl 1 nMU skUl ivc vVwvw dyx nwl b`cy dI AYl 2
dI Akwdimk Xogqw ivc vwDw huMdw hY[
3
jdoN
donW zbwnW ivc muhwrq v`DdI rhy qW duBwiSqw (bweIlYNguilzm) Aqy doNh BwSw ivc
pVHn dI Xogqw (bweIiltrysI) ivAkqI dy bOiDk Aqy Akwdimk ivkws leI PwiedymMd
swbq huMdIAW hn[
au~pr id`qy ivcwrW qoN ieh g`l swP ho jWdI hY ik b`cy nMU
Gr Aqy skUl ivc do BwSw is`Kx ivc nw qW koeI muSkl AwauNdI hY qy nw hI ieh iksy
qrHW ausdy ivkws ivc roVw AtkwauNdI hY[ sgoN ies dy ault ieh ausdy bOiDk Aqy
Akwdimk ivkws ivc shwiek is`D huMdIAW hn[
(s)
pMjwbI BwSw dI jwxkwrI b`icAW dy knyfIAn jIvn ivc iks
iksm dw Aqy iks qrHW vwDw krygI? jW
pMjwbI BwSw dI jwxkwrI nMU auh ik`Qy Aqy iks qrHW vrqoN ivc
ilAwauxgy?
ieh
svwl vI Awpxy Awp ivc gMBIr ivcwr dI mMg krdy hn[ ies sMdrB ivc kuJ g`lW qW swP
hn ijvyN ik: pMjwbI dI jwxkwrI b`icAW nMU aunHW dy ipCokV nMU smJx Aqy aus nwl
juVn ivc shweI hovygI; b`cy Awpxy mwipAW Aqy irSqydwrW nwl hor nyVqw vwlw nwqw
kwiem krn Xog hoxgy; auh pMjwbI swihq, sMgIq, nwtk, iPlm Awid nMU izAwdw mwx
skxgy; iek qoN v`D bolIAW dI Xogqw aunHW nMU isrP iek bolI jwnx vwly ivAkqI dy
mukwbly ivc byhqr bxwvygI; b`cy dw ij`Qy svYmwx vDygw au~Qy auh dUjIAW bolIAW
Aqy siBAwcwrW p®iq ishqmMd sUJ Aqy phuMc Apxweygw, Awid[
pr
ies sMdrB ivc kuJ g`lW AijhIAW vI hn ijnHW nMU AsIN Ajy iDAwn nwl ivcwirAw
nhIN[ ipCly kuJ virHAW dOrwn vYnkUvr dy Aws pws skUlW ivc nvIN BwSw nIqI l`gU
krvwaux leI kIqIAW koiSSW dOrwn swnMU pMjwbI mwipAW dy ivcwr jwnx dw mOkw
imilAw[ audwhrn vjoN, swnMU ies g`l dw pqw l`gw ik bhuq swry pMjwbI mwipAW nMU
jy skUl ivc pMjwbI jW PrWsIsI ivcoN iek dI cox krnI pvy qW auh PrWsIsI nUM
qrjIh dyxgy[ auh suqy-is`D hI ieh socdy hn ik PrWsIsI knyfw dI dUjI AwPISl BwSw hY Aqy ies dI jwxkwrI nwl
swfy b`icAW leI nOkrI dy mOky v`D jwxgy[ pr ies sMbMD ivc swfI Koj v`Kry is`ty
k`FdI hY[ audwhrn vjoN, srI bI sI ivc rihx vwly pMjwbI b`cy vwsqy nOkrI ivc
pMjwbI dI jwxkwrI nwl izAwdw mOky bxdy hn[ PrWsIsI dI jwxkwrI bhuqIAW PYfrl
nOkrIAW ivc kMm AwvygI[ ieh nOkrIAW vwsqy XUnIvristI dI ifgrI dI zrUrq vI
pvygI[ XUnIvristI jwx vwlw b`cw dUijAW iviSAW dy nwl PrWsIsI vI is`K skdw hY,
jy ausdw ruJwn iksy PYfrl srkwr dI nOkrI v`l hovy[ swfy leI dyKx vwlI g`l
(BwvyN mwpy vwsqy ieh mMnxI AOKI hY) ieh hY ik nw qW hr b`cw XUnIvristI jwvygw
Aqy nw hI XUnIvristI gey hr b`cy nMU PYfrl srkwr dI nOkrI imlygI[ dUjy pwsy
pMjwbI dI jwxkwrI aus vwsqy srI ivc hI hweI skUl dI ividAw nwl vI lwhyvMd ho
skdI hY[ audwhrn vjoN, kuJ swl pihlW nOkrIAW Aqy BwSw sMbMDI hoey iek srvy
Anuswr iek`lI srI ivc do hzwr qoN v`D AijhIAW nOkrIAW dI inSwndyhI kIqI d`sI
geI hY ijnHW nMU p®wpq krn vwsqy A`Cy p`Dr dI pMjwbI bolI dI jwxkwrI loVINdI
hY[ eysy qrHW p®OPYsr mYrI AYSvrQ vloN iqAwr kIqy iek cwrt Anuswr cwlI dy krIb
mu`K ik`qy hn ijnHW ivc b`cy dI hYrItyj BwSw nOkrI dy sMbMD ivc shwiek BUimkw
inBw skdI hY[ so ies nzrIey nwl dyiKAW swfy b`icAW vwsqy pMjwbI BwSw dI jwxkwrI
AwriQk p`KoN vI lwhyvMd ho skdI hY[
(h)
kI swfy b`icAW nMU pMjwbI pVHwaux leI knyfIAn smwj dI
vI koeI izMmyvwrI bxdI hY?
AsIN
hux q`k sucyq jW Acyq qOr au~qy Awpxy b`icAW nMU pMjwbI BwSw dI ividAw dyx dI
izMmyvwrI dw Bwr bhuqw Awpxy hI moiFAW au~qy cu`kI iPrdy rhy hW[ swfy leI zrUrI
hY ik AsIN ies izMmyvwrI nMU muV ivcwrIey[ knyfw ny 1971 ivc srkwrI qOr au~qy
Awpxy Awp nMU bhu-siBAwcwrk BweIcwrw mMn ilAw sI[ AMgRyzI Aqy PrWsIsI siBAwcwrW
dy nwl nwl AwidvwsI Aqy dunIAW dy hor dysW qoN eyQy Aw vsy lokW dy siBAwcwrW
nMU knyfw dy smwj dw ih`sw mMn ilAw igAw Aqy aunHW nMU eyQy siqkwr nwl rihx Aqy
v`Dx Pu`lx dw h`k id`qw igAw[ Aws qW ieh sI ik bhu-siBAwcwrk BweIcwry nMU hOlI
hOlI bhu-BwSweI smwj vjoN vI mwnqw imlygI pr Aijhw Ajy ho nhIN sikAw[
ies
ivc koeI S`k nhIN hY ik knyfw dI bhu-siBAwcwrk nIqI Awpxy Awp ivc iek byh`d
sulwhuxXog nIqI hY[ ieh iesy nIqI dw hI nqIjw hY ik knyfw dunIAW Br ivcoN
mukwblqn iek vDIAw brwbrqw vwlw smwj igixAw jWdw hY[ pr ies bhu-siBAwcwrk nIqI
dIAW AwpxIAW h`dW hn[ v`Kry siBAwcwrW leI hor vI h`kW dI AiBlwSw r`Kx vwly lok
bhu-siBAwcwrk nIqI dI Alocnw ivc Aksr kihMdy hn ik ieh nIqI gIq nwc (sONg AYNf
fWs) qoN A`gy nhIN jWdI[ swfy vwsqy vI zrUrI hY ik AsIN ies nIqI dy bwhrI p®Bwv
qoN hI AcMBq nw hoey rhIey sgoN ies nMU Alocnwqmk nzrIey nwl GoKIey[ BwSwvW dy
sMbMD ivc ijhVI g`l swhmxy AwauNdI hY auh hY ik ies nIqI ny AMgRyzI Aqy PrWsIsI
qoN ibnW dUjIAW BwSwvW nMU au~nq krn leI bhuqw kuJ nhIN kIqw sgoN bhuq swry
lokW nMU ‘sB kuJ TIk Twk’ hox dw BulyKw pw ky inh`Qy kr id`qw hY[ ies nIqI kwrn
AsIN ih`k Tok ky ieh nhIN kih skdy ik BwSwvW dy ivkws v`l iDAwn nw dyxw knyfIAn
smwj dw BwSweI ivqkrw hY[ audwhrn vjoN,
ies dy mukwbly ivc AsIN ieMglYNf dy pMjwbI BweIcwry dy ivcwr dyK skdy
hW[ ieMglYNf dy bhuq swry lyKkW ny BwSw sMbMDI ivcwr pyS kridAW vwr vwr au~QoN
dI srkwr Aqy smwj nUM ies p`K ivc ksUrvwr TihrwieAw hY Aqy nslvwdI, bsqIvwdI
Awid ivSySxW nwl drswieAw hY[ audwhrn vjoN, mWgq Bwrdvwj Aqy nirMdr isMG dw lyK
‘brqwnIAW ivc pMjwbI bolI dI sMBwl, sm`isAwvW qy cuxOqIAW’ dyiKAw jw skdw hY[
lyKk kihMdy hn: “G`t igxqI bolIAW Aqy siBAwcwrW dI hoNd nMU jo dyS ivc Kqrw
bixAW hoieAw hY ausdy v`K v`K pihlUAW nUM AsIN duSmx, s`p, A`g, bImwrI nW dy
cwr isrlyKW ADIn smJx dw Xqn krWgy”[ A`gy jw ky “duSmx‘ dy isrlyK Q`ly auh
ilKdy hn:
brqwnvI swmrwj Kqm hox nwl
swmrwjI mwniskqw Aqy soc nhIN mrI[ A`j vI ies dyS dI Swied 90 p®qISwq qoN
vI v`D vsoN dw id®V ivSvws hY ik brqwnvI siBAqw Aqy kdrW kImqW, cmVI dw ic`tw
rMg Aqy eIsweI Drm sB qoN au~qm hn Aqy iehnW mwpdMfW nwl hI hr cIz nUM nwipAw
jwxw cwhIdw hY[ ijhVI vI BwSw, siBAwcwr, kdrW, cmVI dw rMg Aqy Drm ienHW qoN
v`K hn, auh sB GtIAw hn[
eysy
qrHW hI inrMjn isMG nUr dw kihxw hY: “A`j dy brqwnIAw ivc vI BwSweI qy
siBAwcwrk bsqIvwd kwiem hY”[ ies ivSy bwry ilKI gurbcn isMG dI do sO sPy dI
ikqwb ‘lYNgUeyj, rys AYNf AYjUkySn’ hY jo hor BwSwvW dy nwl nwl pMjwbI BwSw dI
ieMglYNf ivc siQqI bwry ivcwr pyS krdI hY[ pI. ey. isMG GuMmx dI pusqk
‘eySIAn tIcrz ien ibRitS skUlz’ ivc vI pMjwbI BwSw bwry crcw kIqI imldI hY[
ienHW swry lyKkW ny bwhroN Awey siBAwcwrW Aqy BwSwvW ivru`D ieMglYNf ivc pweI
jWdI nPrq dw swP swP SbdW ivc vrnx kIqw hY[
ieMglYNf
dy mukwbly AsIN knyfw ivc knyfIAn srkwr Aqy smwj vlW Aijhy ivcwr p®gtwaux qoN
kMnI kqrwauNdy hW (BwvyN 70ivAW Aqy 80ivAW dy SurU ivc siQqI ieh nhIN sI)[
Aijhw nhIN hY ik knyfIAn smwj ivc ieMglYNf dy ic`ty smwj vwly ruJwn nhIN hn[ pr
ieh ruJwn bhu-siBAwcwrk nIqI dy ip`Cy luk gey hn[ ieMglYNf dI audwhrn dyx qoN
ieh mksd vI nhIN ik AsIN au~T ky knyfIAn smwj nUM gwlW k`FxIAW SurU kr deIey[
pr swfy vwsqy zrUrI hY ik AsIN bhu-siBAwcwrvwd dI AslIAq nMU pCwxIey Aqy aus
muqwibk phuMc ApxweIey[
knyfw
ivc dUjIAW BwSwvW nMU brwbr dy h`k idvwaux vwsqy XUrp qoN Awey dUjIAW BwSwvW dy
lokW, Kws kr XukrynIAn Aqy ietYlIAnW vloN lMmy smyN qoN kIqI j`do-jihd vI Ajy
koeI KuSgvwr is`ty nhIN k`F skI[ pr aunHW vloN ies pwsy v`l koiSSW bMMd nhIN
hoeIAW[ auh ies is`ty au~qy phuMc cu`ky jwpdy hn ik mwq-BwSw dI is`iKAw dI
izMmyvwrI knyfIAn smwj dy isr hY[ ies sMbMD ivc romw cumwk-hOrbYS dw lyK “dw
XukrynIAn lYNgUeyj ien kYnyfw”, XukryynIAn lokW vloN AwpxI mwq-BwSw nMU sWBx
leI kIqI lMmI j`do-jihd dy vyrvy idMdw hY[knyfw ivc AMgRyzI Aqy PrWsIsI ibnW
dUjIAW bolIAW nUM Ajy q`k pUrI qrHW knyfIAn nhIN svIkwr kIqw igAw[ ividAk
AdwirAW ivc ienHW bolIAW bwry g`l krn leI kdy ‘Pwrn lYNgUeyjz’, kdy ‘mwfrn
lYNgUeyjz’, kdy ‘ieMtrnYSnl lYNgueyjz’, kdy ‘hom lYNgUeyjz’, kdy ‘mdr tMg’ Aqy
kdy ‘hYrItyj lYNgueyjz’ dy nW nwl muKwqb kIqw jWdw hY[ ienHW nUM Ajy knyfIAn
BwSwvW nhIN mMinAw jwx l`gw[ dUjIAW keI BwSwvW qW swfy qoN vI pihlW dIAW ies
dyS dw ih`sw hn[ pMjwbI bolI nUM ies dyS ivc boilAW jWidAW iek sdI qoN au~pr ho
igAw hY[ ieh bolI isrP pMjwbI GrW ivc hI nhIN, bhuq swry sWJy pbilk sQwnW Aqy
kwrobwrW ivc vrqoN ivc AwauNdI hY[ bI sI ivc l`kVI dIAW im`lW Aqy PwrmW qoN
ibnW hor vI AnykW Aijhy kwrobwr hn ij`Qy ieh bolI vrqI jWdI hY Aqy iesdI vrqoN
nwl bI sI dI AwriQk srgrmI c`ldI hY[ ieh g`l EntYrIE jW ij`Qy vI pMjwbI lok
vsdy hn, bwry vI aunI hI shI hY[ ieh vI ies bolI dI ies mulk nUM dyx hY[ pr Ajy
q`k bdly ivc ies mulk ny ies nMU Awpxy smwj dw ih`sw smJxw (Cu`t kuJ h`d q`k bI
sI qoN) SurU nhIN kIqw[
mwq-BwSw
dI p®oVqw krn vwly lokW dy ivcwr ivc: “AwpxI mwq-BwSw dI is`iKAw ivAkqI dw
mu`Flw mnu`KI AiDkwr hY, ijs nMU ies qoN A`gy jwiez Tihrwaux (ilijtmySn) dI loV
nhIN hY”[ so iek mu`Fly mnu`KI AiDkwr dI mMg krnw iksy qrHW vI njwiez nhIN hY[
qy mu`Fly mnu`KI AiDkwrW dI rwKI krnw knyfIAn smwj dI hI izMmyvwrI bxdI hY[ pr
dUijAW h`kW vWg ieh h`k hwsl krn vwsqy vI cyqn qOr ’qy j`do-jihd krn dI loV hY[
ijvyN ipCly pihry ivc id`qI jwxkwrI qoN zwhr hY ieh j`do-jihd isrP pMjwbI lokW
dI AwpxI zbwn Kwqr hI nhIN, dUjy lok vI AwpxIAW BwSwvW bwry icMqwqur hn, sgoN
swfy nwloN ikqy izAwdw[
pr jy AsIN Ajy q`k ies pwsy loVINdw
iDAwn nhIN dy sky qW vI ies ivc idl Cotw krn vwlI jW inrwS hox vwlI vI g`l nhIN
hY[ BwSw dy h`kW bwry ies iksm dI cyqnw mukwblqn nvIN hY[ ieh g`l idlscpI vwlI
Aqy hONslw dyx vwlI vI hY ik skUtnwb-kWgws Aqy ijMm kimMnz vloN sMpwidq pusqk
(ijs ivcoN ies lyK ivc keI hvwly id`qy gey hn) dw nW aunHW ny ‘PrOm Sym tU
str`gl’ r`iKAw[ swnMU vI AwpxI BwSw dy sMbMD ivc ieh sPr qih krnw pvygw[ swfy
vwsqy ieh hor vI muSkl hY ikauNik AsIN qW AwpxI BwSw sMbMMDI bhuq kuJ gulwmI
vwlw nwl leI iPrdy hW[ AsIN (BwrqI) qW keI vwrI lwrf mkwly dy iksy smyN ley
supny dw swkwr rUp hI idsdy hW[ mkwly ny fyV sO swl pihlW supnw ilAw sI ik auh
BwrqIAW dI iek AijhI jmwq pYdw krygw, “ijhVI KUn Aqy rMg vjoN BwrqI hovygI, pr
suAwd, rwie, is`iKAw Aqy bu`DI ivc ieMgilS hovygI”[ so loV hY swnMU Awpxy
ipCokV dIAW nWh-p`KI g`lW nMU iqlWjlI dyx dI Aqy BwSw sMbMDI Awpxy bxdy h`kW
nMU hwsl krn vwsqy dUjy lokW nwl moFw joVn dI[
ies
sMdrB ivc XukrynIAn, cInI Aqy hor BwSwvW dy lokW dw qjrbw swfy leI lwhyvMd ho
skdw hY[ knyfw dy qkrIbn hr sUby ivc hI AijhIAW jQybMdIAW hn ijhVIAW hYrItyj
BwSwvW dy h`kW vwsqy j`do-jihd kr rhIAW hn[ ieh jQybMdIAW Awm qOr au~qy do iksm
dIAW hn[ iek qW hr BwSw dy lokW dIAW AwpxIAW AMdrUnI jQybMdIAW hn Aqy dUjIAW
kuJ sWJIAW jQybMMdIAW hn ijnHW ivc v`KrIAW bolIAW dy lok rL ky Awpxy h`kW vwsqy
j`do-jihd krdy hn[ ies pwsy byh`d srgrmI nwl kMm krn vwlIAW sWJIAW jQybMMdIAW
ivcoN kuJ ieh hn: bI sI ivc bI sI hYrItyj lYNgUeyj AYsosIeySn (bI sI AYc AYl
ey), Albrtw ivc swaUQ Albrtw hYrItyj lYNgUeyj AYsosIeySn (AYs ey AYc AYl ey),
sYskYcvwn ivc sYskYcvwn AwrgynweIzySn Pwr hYrItyj lYNgUeyj (AYs E AYc AYl),
mYnItobw ivc mYnItobw AYsosIeySn Pwr dw promoSn AwP AYNsYstrl lYNgUeyjs (AYm ey
pI ey AYl)[ mYnItobw dI jQybMdI hYrItyj rIvIaU nW dw mYgzIn 1985 qoN lgwqwr k`F
rhI hY jo hYrItyj BwSwvW dy sMbMD ivc swriQk sm`grI Cwpdw hY[ eysy qrHW dUjy
sUibAW ivc vI AijhIAW jQybMdIAW hn[ knyfIAn lYNgueyjz AYsosIeySn (sI AYl ey)
nYSnl p`Dr dI jQybMdI hY[ ieh jQybMdIAW lgwqwrqw nwl AwpsI qwlmyl vwsqy mIitMgW
Aqy kWnPrMsW krdIAW hn[ audwhrn vjoN, bI sI AYc AYl ey hr swl vYnkUvr ivc iek
kWnPrMs krdI hY[ ipCly kuJ swlW qoN AwpxI kimaUintI ivcoN vI kuJ lok ies ivc
ih`sw lY rhy hn[
(k)
kI AMgRyzI jW hor zbwnW dy mukwbly pMjwbI iek p`CVI
(pirmitv) BwSw hY?
BwvyN
is`Dw svwl krn auprMq koeI vI ieh mMnygw nhIN ik AMgRyzI jW hor zbwnW dy
mukwbly au~qy pMjwbI p`CVI hoeI zbwn hY[ pr sMBv hY ikqy nw ikqy Acyq-mn ivc AsIN
ieh g`l mMnI bYTy hoeIey[ AslIAq ieh hY ik pMjwbI swihqk Kyqr dy kuJ lokW nMU
C`f ky bhuq G`t pMjwbI hn ijhVy pUry Brosy nwl pMjwbI dy h`k ivc KVH skx jW
jzbwqI p`Dr qoN A`gy pMjwbI au~pr mwx kr skx[ hornW kwrnW dy nwl nwl ieh vI iek
kwrn hY ik pMjwb ivc au~c p`Dr dI pVHweI ivc Ajy vI pMjwbI dI vrqoN krn qoN
guryz kIqw jWdw hY[ kuJ smW pihlW pMjwb dI AkwlI srkwr vloN pihlI jmwq qoN
AMgRyzI dI pVHweI SurU krn dw PYslw BwvyN ivhwrk (prYgmYitk) soc dy AwDwr au~qy
kIqw igAw hY pr sMBv hY ik aunHW dy mnW AMdr vI pMjwbI bwry koeI Ajyhy ivcwr
Cupy hoey hox jW sMBv hY lwrf mkwly dw BUq hI CuipAw hoieAw hovy[ AkwlIAW dI
gulwm zihnIAq dw hokw idMdI ies GnOxI hrkq dy ivru`D kuJ lyKkW Aqy bu`DIjIvIAW
ny qW zrUr Awvwz auTweI hY pr Awm lok AMdroN AMdrI ies dy h`k ivc jwpdy hn[ ies
kwrvweI ivru`D Awm lokW vloN iksy iksm dy gu`sy dI Awvwz dw nw Awauxw G`to G`t
iehI S`k pwauNdw hY[ so ies sMdrB ivc zrUrI hY ik BwvyN bhuqy lokW nMU ieh g`l
vwDU hI jwpy pr myry iKAwl ivc sMswr dIAW BwSwvW dy AwpsI sMbMDW bwry BwSw
ivigAwnIAW dI rwie duhrwauxI eyQy kuQW nhIN hovygI[ iek vwr iPr tov
skUtnwb-kWgws Anuswr:
BwSw-ivigAwn dy nzrIey qoN iksy
smUh dy lokW vloN bolIAW jWdIAW sB boolIAW dw ieko ijhw mu`l jW kdr huMdI hY[
swrIAW bolIAW qwrikk (lOjIkl), sMigAwnk (kOgnItvlI) p`KoN guMJldwr Aqy iksy vI
iKAwl nMU AiBivAkq krn Xog huMdIAW hn jy aunHW dy ivkws vwsqy loVINdy swDn lwey
gey hox (hor g`lW dy nwl nwl nvINAW Swbidk rcnwvW krn ivc)[ ‘pirmitv lYNgUeyj’
nW dI koeI cIz nhIN hY[ BwSw-ivigAwn dy AwDwr au~qy swrIAW bolIAW dy ieko ijhy h`k
ho skdy hn, aunHW nMU pUrI qrHW is`Kx dIAW ieko ijhIAW sMBwvnwvW ho skdIAW hn,
bolIAW, iesdI vrqoN krn vwilAW vloN, hr iksm dIAW siQqIAW ivc vrqx Aqy ivkws
Xog huMdIAW hn[
knyfw
ivc jMm pL rhy pMjwbI b`icAW nMU pMjwbI BwSw dI is`iKAw dyx dI loV bwry au~pr
kIqI geI crcw isrP kuJ hI svwlW dy jvwb Bwlx dw mu`Flw Xqn hY[
ies pwsy v`l hor izAwdw Koj Aqy iDAwn dyx dI loV hY[ hux Agly ih`sy ivc knyfw
ivc pMjwbI BwSw dI mOjUdw siQqI, Kws kr ibRitS kolMbIAw AMdr pYdw hoeIAW
sMBwvnwvW au~pr crcw kIqI jwvygI[
2. mOjUdw siQqI
(lyK dw ieh ih`sw myry lyK bI sI dy skUlW ivc pMjwbI BwSw dI pVHweI au~qy AwDwrq hY)
knyfw
Br ivc pMjwbI BwSw dI mOjUdw siQqI bwry ivcwr krn leI zrUrI hY ik v`Kry v`Kry
ielwikAW ivcoN loVINdI jwxkwrI iek`qr kIqI jwvy[ mYN smyN Aqyy soimAW dI G`t
kwrn Aijhw krn dw hIAw nhIN kr sikAw[ pr ij`QoN q`k myry Awpxy sUby, bI sI ivc,
pMjwbI BwSw dy ivkws dw sMbMD hY myry kol loVINdI jwxkwrI hY jo mYN quhwfy nwl
sWJI krnI cwhMudw hW[ mYN Aijhw prBwv qW nhIN dyxw cwhuMdw ik hwQI dI pYV ivc
sB dI pYV Aw jWdI hY, jwxI ik jy AsIN ivsQwr ivc bI sI bwry ivcwr kr leIey qW
swnMU knyfw ivc pMjwbI bolI dy ivkws bwry igAwn ho skdw hY[ auNj ies nzrIey dy
p`K ivc mYN ieh kih skdw hW ik knyfw Br ivcoN jW au~qrI AmrIkw ivcoN hI nhIN,
sgoN pMjwb qoN bwhr dy iksy vI ielwky ivc pMjwbI nMUM aus p`Dr dI mwnqw p®wpq
nhIN hoeI jo ies nMU bI sI ivc hoeI hY[ hyTW mYN sMKyp ivc ies mh`qvpUrn p®wpqI
bwry crcw krWgw[
knyfw
dy pwCmI q`t dyy sUby ibRitS kolMbIAw dw pMjwbIAW vwsqy ivSyS mh`qv hY[ ieh auh
sUbw hY ij`Qy sO swl pihlW pMjwbIAW ny Aw ky vsxw SurU kIqw[ s`TivAW dy AKIr
q`k knyfw ivc pMjwbIAW dI vsoN isrP ies hI sUby ivc sI[ BwvyN QoVHI igxqI ivc
hI shI, ies sUby ivc pMjwbIAW dIAW keI pIVHIAW jMmIAW pLIAW hn[ nqIjy vjoN
ibRitS kolMbIAw ivc vsx vwly pMjwbI Swied dUijAW sUibAW ivc vsx vwly pMjwbIAW
nwloN knyfw nwl iek v`KrI iksm dI sWJ mihsUs krdy hn[ A`j jdoN ik knyfw dy
hornW SihrW qy sUibAW ivc vI pMjwbI v`fI igxqI ivc rih rhy hn, swfy vwsqy bI sI
qy vYnkUvr dI mh`qqw iksy vI qrHW GtI nhIN hY[ bI sI ivc AMgRyzI Aqy cInI qoN
bwAd pMjwbI qIjy nMbr qy bolI jwx vwlI BwSw dy qOr au~qy sQwpq ho cu`kI hY[ ieh
Awpxy Awp ivc CotI g`l nhIN hY[ ies igxqI Aqy sO swl dy ieiqhws ny pMjwbIAW nMU
kuJ h`d q`k AwriQk Aqy Kws kr rwjnIqk p`Dr au~qy kwmXwb hox ivc shwieqw kIqI
hY[ sUbweI srkwr ivc pMjwbIAW dI ipCly keI swlW qoN izkrXog hoNd hY Aqy v`fI
p`Dr dy srkwrI AhuidAW, minstrIAW Aqy pRImIAr dI p`dvI q`k pMjwbI AwpxI Xogqw
dw pRmwx dy cu`ky hn[ bI sI dy rih cu`ky pRImIAr au~jl dosWJ, minstr moA shoqw
Aqy hYrI isMG lwlI Aqy PYfrl p`Dr ’qy hrb DwlIvwl bI sI dy pMjwbIAW leI hI nhIN
sgoN smu`cI knyfIAn kimaUintI ivc izkrXog nW hn[Aqy hux bI sI dI srkwr ivc
gulzwr cImw smyq keI AYm AYl ey cuxy gey hn jo ies sUby ivc pMjwbIAW dIAW p`kIAW
jVHW dw sbUq hn[ ies siQqI ny pMjwbI BwSw dy ivkws vwsqy vI inrsMdyh rwh moklw
kIqw hY[
ij`QoN
q`k pihlI pIVHI ivc pMjwbI bolI dI vrqoN dw sMbMD hY au~Qy vYnkUvr jW bI sI dI
siQqI trWto jW EntYrIE ivclI pMjwbI kimaUintI nwloN koeI izAwdw v`KrI nhIN hY[
sUbweI srkwr Aqy bhuq swrIAW gYr srkwrI eyjMsIAW vloN pMjwbI kimaUintI nwl
qwlmyl krn vwsqy pMjwbI bolI dI vrqoN ivc Swied vYnkUvr Aqy bI sI knyfw dy dUjy
QwvW nwloN A`gy hox[ vYnkUvr ivc hux kwPI igxqI lok kcihrIAW, hspqwlW,
iemIgrySn Aqy vrkrz kMpnsySn borf dy dPqrW Awid ivc doBwSIey dw kMm krky AwpxI
rozI kmw rhy hn[ iesy qrHW kwPI igxqI ivc lok AMgRyzI qoN pMjwbI Anuvwd krky
Aqy kMipaUtr au~qy pMjwbI tweIp krky vI kmweI kr rhy hn[ hux kuJ lok skUlW ivc
pMMjwbI pVHwaux dy ik`qy ivc nOkrIAW hwsl kr rhy hn[ ieh qW kuJ inrol pMjwbI
nwl sMbMDq ik`qy hn, ies qoN ibnW AnykW srkwrI Aqy gYr srkwrI Adwry hn ij`Qy
pMjwbI dI jwxkwrI nOkrI ivc shweI huMdI hY[
bI
sI ivc pMjwbI bolI dI is`iKAw dy sMbMD ivc jo p®wpqIAW hoeIAW hn jW ies pwsy jo
sMBwvnwvW pYdw hoeIAW hn auh Swied dUijAW sUibAW ivc Ajy nhIN ho skIAW[ ijvyN
pihlW vI izkr kIqw igAw hY ik ies pwsy v`l gurdvwirAW dw Xogdwn ivSyS hY[ ies
dy nwl hI vYnkUvr, srI Aqy AYbtsPorf dy ielwikAW ivc Kwlsw skUlW dw sQwpq hoxw
ij`Qy pMjwbI BwSw dI pVHweI vI krvweI jWdI hY, Awpxy Awp ivc slwhux Xog kdm hn[
XUnIvristI AwP ibRitS kolMbIAw ivc 1987 qoN pMjwbI BwSw dI pVHweI c`l rhI hY[
ie`Qy pMMjwbI dy iqMn p`Dr dy kors pVHwey jWdy hn[ ieh klwsW pihlW is`K pMjwbI
cyAr dy Q`ly c`ldIAW sn Aqy hux 1997 qoN XU bI sI dy eySIAn st`fIz fIpwrtmYNt
vwloN pMjwbI BwSw dI pVHweI nMU cyAr qoN v`K krky Awpxy p®ogrwm iv`c Swml kr
ilAw igAw hY ijs nwl pMjwbI dI pVHweI dy isroN cyAr nwl sMbMDq Kqrw tl igAw hY[
eysy qrHW vYnkUvr dI sweImn Pryzr XUnIvristI v`loN vI pMjwbI BwSw dy do kors
SurU ho cu`ky hn[ ieh kors BwSw isKwlx dI iek v`KrI ivDI, AYs AweI AYl pI (sYlP
ieMstr`kSnl lYNgueyj p®ogrwm) dy ADIn SurU kIqy gey hn[ ienHW vwsqy XUnIvristI
nMU rYgUlr AiDAwpk r`Kx dI zrUrq nhIN hY[ XUnIvristI dw inSwnw kMipaUtr dI
shwieqw nwl pMjwbI dy cwr swlW dy jW cwr p`DrW dy kors pVHwaux dw hY[ ies mksd
leI kimaUintI XUnIvristI nwl myljol r`K rhI hY Aqy mwiek shwieqw vI kr rhI hY[
ipCly kuJ smyN qoN vYnkUvr Aqy Aws pws dy kwljW vloN vI pMjwbI pVHwaux dI pySkS
Aw rhI hY pr kimaUintI vloN ies pwsy loVINdw iDAwn nhIN id`qw igAw[
bI
sI srkwr dy is`iKAw mihkmy v`loN 1994 ivc AwpxI nvIN BwSw nIqI dw AYlwn kIqw
igAw[ ies nwl pMjwbI BwSw dI pVHweI dIAW nvIAW qy iek v`KrI p`Dr dIAW sMBwvnwvW
pYdw ho geIAW ijnHW dw pihlW ikAws vI nhIN sI kIqw jw skdw[ bI sI dI ies nvIN
BwSw nIqI Anuswr pMjwbI aunHW Cy bolIAW ivcoN iek hY ijhVIAW bI sI dy skUlW ivc
dUjIAW bolIAW dy qOr au~qy pVHweIAW jwxIAW hn[ ies mksd leI cuxIAW geIAW dUjIAW
zbwnW hn PrWsIsI, spynI, jrmn, cInI Aqy jwpwnI[ ies nvIN BwSw nIqI Anuswr bI sI
ivc ividAw p®wpq kr rhy hr ividAwrQI vwsqy gryf 5 qoN lY ky 8 q`k AMgRyzI qoN
ibnW iek hor zbwn is`KxI zrUrI hY[ ividAwrQI ienHW zbwnW dI ividAw gryf 9 qoN
12 q`k vI cwlU r`K skdy hn[ auh ieh zbwnW gryf 9, 10 jW 11 ivc iek ielYkitv
ivSy dy qOr au~qy vI pVH skdy hn[ ijhVy ividAwrQI pihlW pMjwbI jwxdy hn auh ies
dw krYift lYx vwsqy cYlMj AYNf iekuvlYNsI
dy ADIn kors cYlMj kr skdy hn Aqy pMjwbI BwSw ivc AwpxI Xogqw Anuswr mwnqw
p®wpq kr skdy hn[ bI sI dy gryf 12 dy sUbweI iemiqhwnW ivc pMjwbI dw gryf 12 dw
iemiqhwn vI Swml hY[ ieh iemiqhwn ilKx vwly ividAwrQIAW dI igxqI BwvyN Ajy eynI
izAwdw nhIN pr ieh hr swl v`D rhI hY[ XU bI sI vloN pMjwbI BwSw nMU dUjIAW
BwSwvW dy brwbr mwnqw dy id`qI geI hY[ ividAwrQIAW nMU XUnIvristI ivc dwKl hox
smyN ijs qrHW dUjIAW BwSwvW jwnx bdly krYift imldw hY auh pMjwbI bdly vI
imlygw[
bI sI
vloN AYlwnI nvIN pwilsI ADIn AsUln qOr au~qy pMjwbI nMU dUjIAW bolIAW dy brwbr
dw drjw dy id`qw igAw hY pr pwilsI nMU lwgU krvwaux ivc kuJ AmlI AVcnW hn[
eyQoN dy skUlI ividAw FWcy dy Aml Anuswr sUby dI srkwr ny nIqI nUM lwgU krn dw
kMm Awpxy h`Q lYx dI QW skUl borfW Aqy aus qoN vI A`gy skUlW dy h`Q dy id`qw
hY[ ieh kihxw auicq nhIN ik ieh kMm aunHW ny jwx bu`J ky pMjwbI kimaUintI nMUM
AOiKAW krn vwsqy kIqw hY[ auNj dyiKAw jwvy qW ieh Aml hY bVw is`Dw qy swP[ skUl
ivc pVHdy b`icAW dy mwpy AwpxI loV, ies kys ivc pMjwbI bolI pVHwey jwx dI loV,
skUl dy ip®MsIpl nMU d`sx[ auhnMU mMnw ky, jwxI ik knivMs krw ky aus rwhIN skUl borf q`k phuMc krn[ bhuqI vwrI jy skUl
dw/dI ip®MsIpl quhwfy nwl sihmq ho jwvy qW A`goN dw Aml auh Kud vI kr skdw/skdI
hY[ ies qoN A`gy skUl borf jy quhwfI mMg nwl sihmq ho jwvy qW loVINdI kwrvweI
kr ky quhwfy b`cy dy skUl ivc pMjwbI lwgU kIqI jw skdI hY[ pr swfy vwsqy ieh
is`DI swdI g`l AVcn bx jWdI hY ikauNik pMjwbI mwipAW ny skUl nwl sMbMDq Awpxy
b`icAW dIAW loVW nMU Ajy cMgI qrHW smJxw SurU nhIN kIqw[
ies sMbMD
ivc AwauNdI dUjI AVcn ies nIqI ivc PrWsIsI nMU id`qy ivSyS sQwn kwrn pYdw huMdI
hY[ nvIN pwilsI Anuswr siQqI ieh hY ik bI. sI. dy hr skUl ivc pMjvIN qoN lY ky
AwTvIN q`k dUjI BwSw dy qOr ’qy PrWsIsI pVHweI jwvygI[ Aqy jy qusIN cwhvo ik
quhwfw b`cw pMjvIN qoN lY ky A`TvIN q`k pMjwbI pVHy qW aus skUl iv`c jW qW
PrWsIsI dI QW pMjwbI l`gygI qy jW Pyr PrWsIsI vI rhygI Aqy ausdy nwl pMjwbI vI
dUjI BwSw dy qOr ’qy lweI jwvygI[ mslw ieh hY: ikauNik hr b`cy nMU ienHW jmwqW
dOrwn AMgRyzI qoN ielwvw iek hor dUjI BwSw pVHnI hI pYxI hY ies krky jy iksy
skUl ivc isrP pMjwbI hI dUjI BwSw dy qOr ’qy lwgU kIqI geI hovy qW aus skUl dy
swry b`cy pMjwbI hI pVHngy[ dUijAW b`icAW nMU pMjwbI pVHn vwsqy p®yrnw Swied
eynw suKwlw jW sMBv nw hovy[ so ies krky pMjvIN qoN A`TvIN q`k pMjwbI nUM iksy
skUl ivc lwgU krvw skxw Awpxy Awp ivc iek inhwieq hI muSkl kMm hY[ pMjvIN qoN
lwgUvIN q`k pMjwbI jmwqW dw cwlU hoxw ij`Qy iek AOKw kMm hY au~Qy ies dI mh`qqw
vI aunI hI izAwdw hY[ gryf nON qoN igAwrW q`k ielYkitv kors hox kwrn ij`Qy jmwq
SurU krnI suKwlI hY au~Qy aunI hI AwswnI nwl ies nMU htwieAw jw skdw hY[ brnbI
Aqy ircmMf ies qrHW ho vI cu`kw hY[ pr ies qoN ault pMjvIN qoN A`TvI q`k jy
iksy skUl ivc pMjwbI SurU ho jWdI hY qW ausnMU htwauxw eynw suKwlw nhIN hovygw[
pMjvIN
qoN pMjwbI nMU lwgU krvwaux ivc AwauNdIAW rukwvtW ivc ieh g`l vI vwDw krdI hY
ik iek qW PrWsIsI knyfw dI dUjI BwSw hox kwrn kwPI lokW leI b`icAW nMu pVHwaux
vjoN iK`c r`KdI hY[ dUjw bI sI dI srkwr nMU PrWsIsI dI pVHweI bdly kyNdrI srkwr
koloN kwPI mwiek shwieqw imldI hY ikauNik knyfw dy sMivDwn ivc PrWsIsI pVHwey
jwx dw h`k iliKAw hoieAw hY[ nwl hI bI sI ivc PrWsIsI mwpy, BwvyN QoVHI igxqI
ivc hn, sB nwloN izAwdw jQybMd hn[ eysy qrHW bI sI dy skUlW ivc pVHwaux vwly
AiDAwpkW ivc PrWsIsI AiDAwpkW dI v`fI igxqI hY jo AwpxIAW nOkrIAW kwiem r`Kx
vwsqy PrWsIsI dI pVHweI zwrI r`Kx leI AwpxI pUrI vwh lwaux nUM iqAwr hn[ dUjy
pwsy ieh vI koeI nhIN cwhuMdw ik PrWsIsI bolI dy iKlwP iksy iksm dI pbilk
puzISn leI jwvy[ so sB kuJ iml ky pMjwbI bolI dI pVHweI lwgU krwaux A`gy
PrWsIsI iek mslw bx ky au~BrdI hY ijs bwry kimaUintI v`loN koeI Aijhw rwh l`Bx
dI loV hY jo skUlW ivc PrWsIsI dy ivroD ivc vI nw jwvy Aqy pMjwbI bolI dI
pVHweI dy rwh ivc koeI muSkl vI nw bxy[
ienHW
muSklW dy nwl nwl skUl qy skUl borfW v`loN hor vI keI iksm dIAW sm`isAwvW KVIAW
kIqIAW jw rhIAW hn jw kIqIAW jw skdIAW hn[ iek mslw nIqI nMU Awpxy qrIky nwl
ibAwn krn dw hY[ kuJ skUl ieh kih ky g`l twl dyxI cwhMudy hn ik pwilsI dw mqlb
hY ik aunHW ividAwrQIAW nUM hI nvIN bolI pVHweI jwxI hY jo pihlW ies qoN au~kw
hI vwkP nw hox[ AijhI siQqI ivc pMjwbI ipCokV vwly ividAwrQI pMjwbI dI pVHweI
qoN vWJy kr id`qy jwxgy Aqy swfy vwsqy swrw mksd hI Kqm ho ky rih jwvygw[
AijhIAW kuJ hor muSklW vI A`gy ilAWdIAW jWdIAW hn ijvyN ik pYsy nhIN hn,
AiDAwpk nhIN hn, ikqwbW nhIN hn, kmry nhIN hn, ividAwrQIAW dI idlcspI nhIN hY,
Awid[
au~pr
ivcwrIAW bhuqIAW muSiklW dy h`l l`Bxy mukwblqn suKwly hn Aqy l`By jw skdy hn
bSrqy ik pMjwbI mwpy Awpxy b`icAW nMU pMjwbI pVHwaux vwsqy bij`d hox[ pr ijvyN
ik AsIN jwxdy hW ik Aijhw hY nhIN[ so sB qoN v`fI muSkl pMjwbI mwipAW vloN ies
ivc idlcspI dI Gwt hY[ iehI kwrn hY ik bI sI dI nvIN BwSw nIqI nwl ijs iksm
dIAW sMBwvnwvW pYdw hoeIAW sn aunHW qoN Ajy q`k loVINdw Pwiedw nhIN ilAw jw sikAw[
AsIN ieh vI jwxdy hW ik pMjwbI mwipAW ivc idlcspI dI Gwt dIAW jVHW swfy Awpxy
GrW qoN dUr pqwl ivc hn[ ijvyN pihlW vI izkr kIqw jw cu`kw hY ik ies ip`Cy
AnykW ieiqhwsk, Dwrimk, isAwsI qy AwriQk kwrn hn ijnHW ny iml ky pMjwbIAW dy
mnW ivc aunHW dI AwpxI bolI p®iq phuMc nMU iek jwnlyvw bImwrI lw id`qI hY ijs
dw Ajy q`k koeI shI ielwj h`Q nhIN AwieAw[ ies bImwrI qoN AsIN BlIBWq jwxU hW
ik bhuq pihlW muslmwn pMjwbIAW ny AwpxI SnwKq dw icMn aurdU nMU mMn ilAw,
AwrIAw smwj dy Asr Q`ly ihMdU pMjwbIAW ihMdI nUM AwpxI SnwKq nwl joV ilAw qy
ienHW hI lIhW au~qy c`lidAW is`KW ny pMjwbI nMU AwpxI SnwKq dw icMn im`Q
ilAw[jwxI ik AwpxI mW bolI dI cox Drm dy AwDwr qy kIqI geI[ pMjwbI bolI dy
ienHW p`KW qoN AwpW swry vwikP hW so ies pwsy hor kuJ kihx dI loV nhIN jwpdI[
au~pr
ivcwrIAW geIAW muSklW dy bwvjUd bI sI dy skUlW ivc pMjwbI dI siQqI inrwSwjnk
nhIN khI jw skdI[ ipCly do iqMn swlW dOrwn hr vrHy bI sI dy 15 qoN 20 skUlW ivc
pMjwbI dIAW 25 qoN au~pr jmwqW c`ldIAW rhIAW hn[ ienHW jmwqW ivc ividAwrQIAW dI
igxqI 22 qoN 30 q`k pRiq jmwq hY[ bhuqIAW jmwqW gryf 9, 10 Aqy 11 dIAW ielYkitv
p`Dr dIAW hn[ pr kuJ skUlW ivc ijvyN mYirt, kUnYl, tYirs, AYbtsPorf Aqy vYnkUvr
Awid ivc gryf 5 qoN 8 q`k pMjwbI dIAW jmwqW v`Kry v`Kry rUpW ivc SurU krn dI
koiSS kIqI geI hY[ ies g`l dI kwPI sMBwvnw hY ik Awaux vwly smyN dOrwn srI ivc
vI gryf 5 qoN 8 q`k dIAW jmwqW cwlU ho jwx[
ieh
swrIAW jmwqW sUby dy ividAk mihkmyy vloN iqAwr krvwey krIkulm dy AwDwr au~qy
rYgUlr skUl dI pVHweI dy ih`sy vjoN hn[ ies nwl ij`Qy
b`cy AwpxI bolI Aqy siBAwcwr bwry is`Kdy hn au~Qy skUl ivc dUijAW iviSAW dy
brwbr hox kwrn pMjwbI bolI Aqy siBAwcwr v`lW iek v`KrI iksm dw mwx vI mihsUs
krdy hn[ ieh g`l Awpxy Awp ivc ivSyS mh`qqw r`KdI hY[
3. kI krn dI loV
hY?
pMjwbI bwry icMqw
krn vwlw hr ivAkqI jwxdw hY ik ies BwSw dw ivkws aus gqI nwl nhIN ho irhw ijs
dI dunIAW ivcoN qyrvy nMbr au~qy Awaux vwlI BwSw qoN Aws kIqI jwxI cwhIdI hY[
iesdy bwvjUd myrw ivcwr hY ik knyfw ivc pMjwbI BwSw dI siQqI eynI inrwSwjnk
nhIN[ nvINAW sMBwvnwvW pYdw ho rhIAW hn jo pMjwbI dy ivkws Kwqr vrqIAW jw
skdIAW hn[ pr ies qoN pihlW loV hY smu`cI siQqI nMU TIk qrHW smJx dI, swkwr
kIqy jwx Xog inSwny im`Qx dI Aqy loVINdI phuMc Apnwaux dI[ ies msly nMU AsIN
hyTly iqMn ih`isAW ivc r`K ky ivcwr skdy hW: (A) AwpxI sUJ Aqy phuMc nMU nvIAW
siQqIAW dy hwx dw bxwauxw; (A) nvIN sUJ dy AwDwr au~qy jQybMdk FWcw kwiem krnw;
(e) AglI pIVHI nMU j`do-jihd ivc Swml krnw[
(A) AwpxI sUJ Aqy
phuMc nMU nvIAW siQqIAW dy hwx dw bxwauxw
knyfw ivc pMjwbI
BwSw dy msly bwry bu`DIjIvIAW Aqy lyKkW ny hux q`k bhuqw iDAwn nhIN id`qw[
ij`Qy ieMglYNf ivc pMjwbI lyKkW Aqy AiDAwpkW ny ies pwsy v`l kwPI igxqI ivc Koj
BrpUr lyK qy ikqwbW ilKIAW hn (drSn isMG qwqlw vloN sMpwidq pusqk ivc hI ATweI
lyK hn) au~Qy knyfw ivc ipCly qIh swlW dOrwn Swied A`DI drjn lyK vI nhIN ilKy
gey[ knyfw ivc pMjwbI BwSw dy msly nMU Koj BrpUr lyKW dw ivSw bxwauxw cwhIdw
hY[ nwl hI sQwnk AKbwrW, ryfIE Aqy tI vI au~pr ies msly nMU v`D qoN v`D
ivcwirAw Aqy prcwirAw jwxw cwhIdw hY[ ieh mslw lokW dy rozwnw msilAW dw ih`sw
bxnw cwhIdw hY[
bI sI ivc pMjwbI
BwSw nMU dunIAW dIAW dUjIAW v`fIAW BwSwvW, PrWsIsI, spynI, jrmn, jpwnI, cInI dy
brwbr drjw imlx nwl ijhVI iek scweI swfy swirAW dy swhmxy swkwr hoeI, auh hY ik
AsIN ies mOky dy hwx dy nhIN hW[ jwxI ik nw qW swfy kol Aijhy mOky nMU pMjwbI
dy ivkws vwsqy vrqx leI ivigAwnk lIhW au~qy socx Aqy kMm krn vwlI jQybMdk SkqI
hY Aqy nw hI Aijhy lok jo pMjwbI BwSw dy msly nMU ies kdr Awpxy jIvn dw lkS bxw
lYx, ijs kdr dUjy lok Drm jW KyfW Awid nMU Apxw lYNdy hn[ pMjwbI BwSw v`lW
bhuqy pMjwbIAW dw rv`eIAw jzbwqI p`Dr dw hY Aqy ies nwl lgn jW bymu`Kqw dw
AwDwr Drm hY[ iek BwSw dy qOr au~qy pMjwbI nMU dyKx sWBx dI loVINdI jwc Aqy
KwihS Ajy swfy kol nhIN hY[ swfy kol BwSw dy ivSy ivc Xogqw r`Kx vwly
bu`DIjIvIAW, pySwvrW Aqy ivSyS`gW dI byh`d Gwt hY[ jo lok ieh Xogqw r`Kdy vI hn
aunHW nMU pMjwbI vwsqy kMm krn leI shI iksm dI p®yrnw Aqy mwhOl nhIN imldw[
pMjwbI pVHwaux vwsqy knyfIAn sMdrB Anuswr Fu`kvIN sm`grI nhIN hY[ zbwn isKwlx
vwlIAW nvINAW ivDIAW nMU jwnx vwly pMjwbI AiDAwpk nhIN hn[ ies iksm dy AnykW
hor Kyqr hn ijnHW ivc byh`d Gwt mihsUs huMdI hY[
ieh Gwt pMjwbI dy
swihqkwr Aqy bu`DIjIvI pUrI kr skdy hn[ mYN ies g`l nwl sihmq hW ik swihqkwrW
koloN Aijhy kMm dI mMg nhIN krnI cwhIdI[ ieh kMm Asl ivc BwSw pVHwaux vwly
pySwvr Aqy ivSyS`g lokW dy krn dy hn[ pr ikauNik swfy kol Ajy ienHW lokW dI Gwt
hY ies krky swihqkwrW nMU ieh izMmyvwrI smJxI Aqy sWBxI cwhIdI hY[ ieMglYNf ivc
ies pwsy pihlW lyKkW ny Xogdwn pwieAw hY BwvyN hux bhuqw kMm pySwvr lokW v`loN
hI ho irhw hY[ Aws hY ieh Aml knyfw ivc vI CyqI hI c`l pvygw[ audwhrn vjoN, bI
sI dy skUlW ivc pMjwbI pVHw rhy AiDAwpk iek dUjy nwl qwl myl vDw rhy hn Aqy
pMjwbI dI pVHweI dy sMbMD ivc Aw rhIAW muSklW nMU iek dUjy nwl sWiJAW kr rhy
hn[
(A) nvIN sUJ Aqy globl siQqIAW dy AwDwr au~qy jQybMdk FWcw kwiem
krnw
ieh g`l swP hY ik
dunIAW dIAW bhu igxqI bolIAW vWg pMjwbI dy ivkws leI vI koeI styt iPkrmMd nhIN
hY[ pMMjwb dIAW srkwrW ny ies pwsy v`l ijMnw Aqy ijs auqswh nwl hux q`k Xogdwn
pwieAw hY auh inrwS krn vwlw hY[ pr pMjwbI dI siQqI Pyr vI eynI mwVI nhIN hY[
sMswr dIAW bolIAW dI igxqI sihjy hI 5000 qoN 6000 q`k hY pr dunIAW ivc Awzwd
hsqI r`Kx vwly mulk jW stytW 200 qoN vI G`t hn[ bhuqy mulkW dI AwriQk Aqy
rwjnIqk kwrnW v`s koiSS hY ik aunHW dy dyS dI ieko kOmI bolI hovy[
v`fI p`Dr au~qy Awpxy AwriQk Aqy rwjnIqk mnsUibAW nMU pUrw krn vwlIAW qwkqW
cwhuMdIAW hn ik dunIAW Br dw swrw kwrobwr ieko bolI - AMgRyzI - ivc hI clwieAw
jwvy[ ieh g`l duKdweI idlcspI vwlI hY ik dunIAW ivcoN brqwnvIN swmrwj dw BwvyN
Kwqmw ho igAw hY pr AMg®yzI swmrwj lgwqwr qr`kI kr irhw hY Aqy ijs dI qr`kI ivc
dunIAW Br dy lok cwhy Axcwhy AwpxI Xogqw Aqy SkqI lw rhy hn[ dunIAW Br dy lokW
nMU AMg®yzI pVHwaux vwly AiDAwpk Aqy AMg®yzI dI pVHweI ivc vrqy jwx vwly mYtr
dI pYdwvwr ieMglYNf, AmrIkw, knyfw, AstRylIAw vrgy mulkW leI v`fI p`Dr ’qy pYsw
kmwaux dy swDn hn[ ienHW AwirQk ih`qW kwrn ieh mulk v`Kry v`Kry qrIky nwl
dUjIAW bolIAW bolx vwly lokW dy smwijk, siBAwcwrk ih`qW dI koeI kImq nhIN pYx
idMdy[ ies dw nqIjw ieh hY ik dunIAW dIAW bhuqIAW bolIAW byAwsrw hn Aqy Kqm hox
dy Kqry ivc hn[ mukwblqn pMjwbI Pyr vI eynI byAwsrw nhIN hY[
pMjwbI dy sMbMD
ivc cMgI g`l ieh vwprI hY ik ieh AslI mihinAW ivc iek AMqrrwStrI bolI bx geI
hY[ pMjwbI ies vyly dunIAW dy 124 mulkW ivc bolI jWdI hY[ pwiksqwn dy bhu-igxqI
(64%) lokW dI zbwn hY BwvyN ik ies q`q dw ies dy ivkws au~qy koeI Asr nhIN hY[
ieMglYNf ivc ds l`K dy nyVy qyVy pMjwbI vsdy hn Aqy bwvjUd ies g`l dy ik kuJ
lok Drm dy Asr Q`ly pMjwbI nMU AwpxI bolI nhIN mMndy, Pyr vI pMjwbI ieMglYNf
ivc AMgRyzI qoN bwAd dUjy nMbr au~qy bolI jwx vwlI BwSw hY[ isMGwpur, mlySIAw
Awid keI mulkW ivc pMjwbI dI izkrXog hoNd hY[ ipCly iqMn dhwikAW dOrwn knyfw
Aqy AmrIkw dI pMjwbI vsoN ivc in`Gr vwDy hoey hn[ ibRitS kolMbIAw sUby ivc
pMjwbI bolI qIjy nMbr au~qy AwauNdI hY[
ies dy nwL hI iek
p`K nvIAW qknIkI eIjwdW dw vI hY[ kMipaUtr dy ivkws ny pMjwbI vwsqy AnykW Aijhy
dr KolH id`qy hn ijnHW dw dhwkw pihlW supnw vI nhIN sI ilAw jw skdw[ pMjwbI
dIAW AKbwrW, mYgzIn Aqy ikqwbW dI CpweI dw bhuqw kMm hux kMipaUtr rwhIN huMdw
hY[ bhuq swry lok pMjwbI ilKx vwsqy kMipaUtr dI vrqoN kr rhy hn[ b`icAW nMU
pMjwbI isKwlx leI swPt vyAr iqAwr hox l`g pey hn[ ieMtrnY~t au~qy pMjwbI ivc
mYgzIn pbilS hoxy SurU ho gey hn[ ieh q`Q iksy vI pMjwbI nMU ausdI
mwq-BwSw bwry mwx mihsUs krvw skdy hn[ pMjwbI BwSw dy sMbMD ivc ijhVI inrwSw jW
grIbI dw aunHW nMU ieiqhwsk qOr au~qy Aihsws krvwieAw igAw hY auh shI nhIN hY[
loV hY ies jwxkwrI nUM Awm pMjwbIAW dI cyqnw dw ih`sw bxwaux dI[
ijs qrHW pMjwbIAW
ny Drm, isAwsq, idlprcwvy Aqy KyfW dy Kyqr ivc pihlW hI AmlI qOr au~qy iek
AMqrrwStrI BweIcwry vjoN ivcrnw SurU kr id`qw hY ausy qrHW pMjwbI BwSw dy ivkws
nMU vI AMqrrwStrI p`Dr au~pr soicAw qy ivcwirAw jwxw cwhIdw hY[ ies ivc iksy
nMU koeI S`k nhIN hY ik bhuqy pMjwbI ij`Qy vI hn AwriQk p`KoN mukwblqn KuShwl
hn[ ies ivc vI koeI S`k nhIN hY ik hr QW vsdy pMjwbIAW dI isrqoV koiSS hY
ik auh snAqI smwjW ivc rih ky vI Awpxy ipCly smwj dy kuJ AMCW nMU bcw ky r`K
skx - siBAwcwr nMU bcwaux dw qOKlw iesy koiSS dw ih`sw hY[ pMjwbI siBAwcwr dy
cMgy p`KW ivcoN iek cMgw p`K ieh vI hY ik pMjwbI hmySW sWJy kMmW vwsqy hr iksm
dI loVINdI shwieqw krn nMU iqAwr rihMdy hn[ loV hY ivSv p`Dr au~qy pMjwbI BwSw
dy ivkws vwsqy kMm krn vwlI iksy suihrd jQybMdI dI ijhVI v`Kry v`Kry mulkW
ivcoN vsIly iek`qr krky pMjwbI BwSw dy ivkws leI v`fy p`Dr au~qy mnsUby bxw
sky[ ij`Qy ij`Qy pMjwbI vsdy hn au~Qy hr p`Dr dIAW srkwrW kol pMjwbI dy h`k ivc
lwbI kr sky[ sQwnk p`Dr au~qy huMdIAW koiSSW ivc shwiek ho sky[ pMjwbI dI
pVHweI leI loVINdI sm`grI iqAwr krn vwsqy loVINdI Xogqw dI Bwl kr sky Aqy
AwriQk swDn muh`eIAw kr sky[ dUjy SbdW ivc pMjwbI BwSw dI swr lYx vwlI styt dI
AxhoNd nMU pUrw krn dw Xqn kIqw jwxw cwhIdw hY[
ieh ikhw jw skdw
hY ik ivSv p`Dr dI jQybMdI dI kwmnw Swied v`fw supnw hY[ qy Swied ies vkq knyfw
p`Dr au~qy jQybMd hoxw vI supnw hI hovy[ pr myrw suJwA hY ik ieh supny lYxy
cwhIdy hn[ jy AsIN pMjwbI bolI dI siQqI nUM irvwjn nWh-p`KI qrIikAW nwl dyKxw
C`f ky ies nMU hW-p`KI qrIky nwl (pwxI dy A`Dy glws nMU A`Dw KwlI kihx dI QW
A`Dw BirAw kihx vWg) dyKx l`gIey qW swnMU Aijhy supny lYx qoN fr nhIN l`gygw[
swfI AwpxI KwihS Aqy koSS qoN ibnW hI pMjwbI iek AMqrrwStrI BwSw bx geI hY[ hux
swfy leI zrUrI hY ik ies hkIkq nMU smJ ky, Apxw ky, Ku`d nMU ies dy hwx dy
bxweIey[
ij`Qy AMqrrwStrI,
au~qrI AmrIkw jW knyfw dI p`Dr au~qy jQybMdIAW bwry socxw cwhIdw hY Aqy ivcwr
vtWdrw hoxw cwhIdw hY au~Qy sQwnk p`Dr au~qy g`l supny qoN A`gy v`DxI cwhIdI
hY[ keI hwlqW ivc ieh kMm ho vI irhw hY[ bhuqy QwvW au~pr ieh kMm Dwrimk jW
siBAwcwrk sMsQwvW kr rhIAW hn[ ienHW mOjUdw sMsQwvW Aqy skUlIN pVHdy b`icAW dy
mwipAW dy sihXog nwl AijhIAW jQybMdIAW kwiem krnIAW cwhIdIAW hn jo inrol pMjwbI
dy ivkws leI kMm krn[ ieh jQybMdIAW Awpxy Awly duAwly BwSw dy sMbMD ivc ho
rhIAW gqI-ivDIAW dI swr r`Kx[ pMjwbI pVHwaux dIAW sMBwvnwvW sMbMDI hr p`Dr dI
srkwr Aqy ividAk AdwirAW q`k phuMc krn[ b`icAW nMU pMjwbI pVHwaux dy kMm nMU
knyfIAn smwj dI izMmyvwrI smJidAW Awpxy h`kW dI mMg krn[ mwq-BwSw dy h`kW leI
j`do-jihd kr rhIAW dUjIAW jQybMdIAW nwl qwlmyl pYdw krn[ Awid
(e) AglI pIVHI nMU
j`do-jihd ivc Swml krnw[
AsIN ies iKAwl nwl
g`l SurU kIqI sI ik knyfw ivc pMjwbI BwSw dI sMBwl Aqy ivkws dw mslw Asl ivc
AglIAW pIVHIAW dy pMjwbI nwl irSqy dw mslw hY[ ieh bhuq zrUrI hY ik AglI pIVHI
dy lok ies ivc idlcspI lYx l`gx[ eyQoN dy jMmy pLy lok izAwdw AwswnI nwl eyQoN
dy msilAW nMU smJ skdy hn Aqy aus vwsqy kMm kr skdy hn[ ieh kMm kuJ h`d q`k ho
vI irhw hY[ bI sI dy skUlW ivc pMjwbI BwSw lwgU krvwaux ivc knyfw dI jMmI pLI
pIVHI dy lokW vloN pwieAw Xogdwn ies dI iek imswl hY”[ ies vyly bI sI dy skUlW
ivc pMjwbI pVHw rhy AiDAwpkW ivcoN A`Dy eyQoN dy jMmy/pLy jW pVHy hoey hn[ loV
hY kuJ eyho ijhy kdm pu`tx dI ijnHW nwl knyfw dy skUlW XUnIvristIAW ivc pVH rhy
ividAwrQI pMjwbI BwSw Aqy siBAwcwr nwl sMbMDq iviSAW ivc idlcspI lYx l`gx[ ies
sMbMD ivc skUl Aqy XUnIvristI dI p`Dr au~qy kimaUintI vwloN ienwm, skwlriS`p,
grWt Awid dw p®bMD krnw cwhIdw hY[ ienHW ividAwrQIAW nMU pMjwbI BwSw Aqy swihq
nwl jwxU krvwaux dy ierwdy nwl pMjwb Byjx dy Xqn krny cwhIdy hn[ AmrIkw dIAW
kuJ XUnIvristIAW v`loN ies iksm dy Xqn ho vI rhy hn[
AMiqkw
ies prcy ivc
pyS kIqy ivcwrW qoN kuJ g`lW au~Br ky swhmxy AwauNdIAW hn: a) knyfw ivc
pMjwbIAW dI pihlI pIVHI ny kwPI h`d q`k AwpxI bolI nMU sWBx dI koiSS kIqI
hY[ A) mu`K mslw AglIAW pIVHIAW nMU ivigAwnk qrIky nwl pMjwbI isKwlx dw hY[ e)
knyfw ivc jMmx vwly pMjwbI b`icAW dI mwq-BwSw pMjwbI hY[ s) knyfw ivc pMjwbI
nMU kwiem r`Kxw swfw mu`Flw h`k hY[ h) bhuqy mwpy vI qy b`cy vI pMjwbI nMU
kwiem r`Kxw cwhuMdy hn[ k) Coty b`icAW nMU mwq-BwSw dI is`iKAw dyx dI izMmyvwrI
mwipAW dy nwl styt dI vI hY[ K) pMjwbI dw iek AMqrrwStrI BwSw vjoN au~Brnw ies
dy ivkws ivc shweI ho skdw hY[ g) sMcwr ivc ho rhIAW qbdIlIAW pMjwbI leI
lwhyvMd ho rhIAW hn Aqy hor vI ho skdIAW hn[
ienHW q`QW nMU
knyfw ivc pMjwbI dy ivkws ih`q vriqAw jwxw cwhIdw hY[ loV pMjwbI nwl sMbMDq
nWh-p`KI ivcwrW Aqy phuMc ivc qbdIlI ilAwaux dI hY[ knyfw ivc pMjwbI dy Biv`K
bwry swnMU ies qrHW nhIN socxw cwhIdw ik Biv`K iek dUr idsdw jW CuipAw hoieAw
ibMdU hY, ij`Qy AsIN phuMcxw hY[ ieh AMdwzy lwaux ivc koeI quk nhIN hY ik AsIN
aus ibMdU au~qy phuMcWgy jW nhIN[ pMjwbI dy ivkws nMU vrqmwn smyN dy iek Aml
(prwsY~s) dy qOr au~qy socxw cwhIdw hY[ TIk hY, ies Aml dI Xojnw ivc swnMU lMmy
smyN dy inSwny im`Qxy cwhIdy hn, pr socxw iek Aml dy qOr au~qy hI cwhIdw hY[
smyN Anuswr jo sMBv hY, jo AsIN AwpxI SkqI qy suihrdqw nwl kr skdy hW, auh krn
dI koiSS krnI cwhIdI hY[ jy AsIN Agly pMdrW vIhW virHAW ivc (do iqMn dhwky
pihlW AweI pIVHI dy Q`kx mu`kx q`k) pMjwbI dy ivkws dy Aml nMU iek inrMqrqw dy
skIey qW AsIN kdy inrwS nhIN hovWgy[ ieh vrqmwn smyN dw Aml hI knyfw ivc pMjwbI
dw Biv`K hY[
(ies lyK ivc vrqy soimAW Aqy id`qy hvwilAW bwry jwxkwrI vwsqy
lyKk nwl sMprk kIqw jw skdw hY)
Sadhu
Binning,
Department
of Asian Studies,
Vancouver,
B. C. Canada,
Ph. 604 - 822-5362, E-mail: sbinning@interchange.ubc.ca
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